The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time
Average customer rating: 4 out of 5 stars
  • Read with a grain of salt.
  • We need to end poverty
  • Using American Wealth to End Poverty
  • Another impartial diagnosis of poverty
  • i really do like it
The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time
Jeffrey Sachs
Manufacturer: Penguin (Non-Classics)
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0143036580

Amazon.com

Celebrated economist Jeffrey Sachs has a plan to eliminate extreme poverty around the world by 2025. If you think that is too ambitious or wildly unrealistic, you need to read this book. His focus is on the one billion poorest individuals around the world who are caught in a poverty trap of disease, physical isolation, environmental stress, political instability, and lack of access to capital, technology, medicine, and education. The goal is to help these people reach the first rung on the "ladder of economic development" so they can rise above mere subsistence level and achieve some control over their economic futures and their lives. To do this, Sachs proposes nine specific steps, which he explains in great detail in The End of Poverty. Though his plan certainly requires the help of rich nations, the financial assistance Sachs calls for is surprisingly modest--more than is now provided, but within the bounds of what has been promised in the past. For the U.S., for instance, it would mean raising foreign aid from just 0.14 percent of GNP to 0.7 percent. Sachs does not view such help as a handout but rather an investment in global economic growth that will add to the security of all nations. In presenting his argument, he offers a comprehensive education on global economics, including why globalization should be embraced rather than fought, why international institutions such as the United Nations, International Monetary Fund, and World Bank need to play a strong role in this effort, and the reasons why extreme poverty exists in the midst of great wealth. He also shatters some persistent myths about poor people and shows how developing nations can do more to help themselves.

Despite some crushing statistics, The End of Poverty is a hopeful book. Based on a tremendous amount of data and his own experiences working as an economic advisor to the UN and several individual nations, Sachs makes a strong moral, economic, and political case for why countries and individuals should battle poverty with the same commitment and focus normally reserved for waging war. This important book not only makes the end of poverty seem realistic, but in the best interest of everyone on the planet, rich and poor alike. --Shawn Carkonen

Book Description

A landmark exploration of the way out of extreme poverty for the world's poorest citizens

Among the most eagerly anticipated books of any year, this landmark exploration of prosperity and poverty distills the life work of an economist Time calls one of the world's 100 most influential people. Sachs's aim is nothing less than to deliver a big picture of how societies emerge from poverty. To do so he takes readers in his footsteps, explaining his work in Bolivia, Russia, India, China, and Africa, while offering an integrated set of solutions for the interwoven economic, political, environmental, and social problems that challenge the poorest countries. Marrying passionate storytelling with rigorous analysis and a vision as pragmatic as it is fiercely moral, The End of Poverty is a truly indispensable work.

Customer Reviews:

2 out of 5 stars Read with a grain of salt. .......2007-10-05

This book covers some concepts that at face value and first read - especially people like me who are not economists - seem quite enlightening. But the more you read, the more you have to question how it seems that the view he presents is a seemingly simplistic solution to what is in reality a complex problem. One of the reviews on here talked about how it is not "infrastructure" that is key to solving the problems, but rather an access to market. I'd have to agree. Companies are not flocking to sub-Saharan Africa to utilize the labor there. Companies are moving to China and India. This is not a simple matter of infrastructure, but a matter of economic policy and much more.

The book points to some villages in rural Africa where things appear to be improving - a choice village or two where Jeffrey Sachs and the Earth Institute at Columbia pour in their resources (these are subsequently called Millennium Villages to coincide with the Millennium Development Goals) - and it makes you think that he might possibly be making some sense. However, what about generalization to a whole country? Of course if you take all your resources, all the scientific knowledge accessible to you from the Earth Institute, and then some, and pour these into a village, what village will not transform? But is it sustainable? Is it generalizable to the whole country? Change needs to occur at the policy/governmental level concurrently, in order for real success and improvement.

While this book may be interesting, it is important to remember that it is not THE way; it is A way, and along with it, it has its flaws. Ask some other economist what they think - I did, and got an earful. The opinion was that Jeffrey Sachs is just recycling his ideas that he used decades back during the 80s, and that to counter this viewpoint, I must read William Easterly. I'm sure there are others out there to read. But again, one good read does not solve all the world's ills. If you don't have access to an economist, read ALL the reviews on here because there are some other points that need to be considered. And I don't appreciate the impression I get that ideas for solving poverty in places like sub-Saharan Africa comes from a simplistic seemingly-enlightened Westernized view of "this is what is wrong with Africa".

5 out of 5 stars We need to end poverty.......2007-09-28

The book is great. It puts the poverty of the world, including America into light. It lets the reader know that poverty can be ended in our lifetime. It is very serious topic and book. We have the opportunity to end poverty, but will we be the generation that sits by and watches our fellow humans starve and die of disease or not?
The book got to me in a very timely manner and was inexpensive.

5 out of 5 stars Using American Wealth to End Poverty.......2007-09-18

Eradicating global poverty is a concern that Christian missionaries and activists now share with a growing number of global economists and even rock stars like Bono. The gulf between incomes in the West and developing countries complicates the missionary task, yet missionaries often have little understanding of how the global economy works.

Jeffrey Sachs is well qualified to interpret globalization since he has worked in over a hundred nations, analyzing and offering advice on national economies. He was an economics professor at Harvard University and is now Director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University. He was an economic advisor to Kofi Annan, Secretary-General of the United Nations, and to Bono.

In The End of Poverty, Sachs outlines a plan to end global poverty by 2025. He is not only a visionary but also an excellent teacher on the fundamentals of global economics. He distinguishes between three degrees of poverty: extreme poverty, representing one billion people who literally struggle for survival every day; moderate poverty, representing 1.5 billion people who live just above subsistence level; and relative poverty, representing 2.5 billion people. Sachs shows how the world economy has changed dramatically since 1980, with over half the world making economic progress. Only Africa has experienced a general increase in extreme poverty in the past 25 years. When Sachs speaks of eradicating poverty, he means primarily ending only extreme poverty by 2025.

Sachs criticizes the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank for failing to represent the interests of the poor and advocates "clinical economics" which gives a scientific diagnosis of each nation's economic problems with a prescription for improvement. He believes that if every wealthy nation committed just 0.7 percent of Gross National Product (GNP) to foreign direct assistance, global poverty would end. The United States currently gives only 0.15 percent of GNP in such aid, far below all other wealthy nations.

Sachs offers deep insights into globalization. He states that his worldview is from the Enlightenment, so he advocates "Enlightened Globalization," meaning that he believes scientific rationalism combined with compassion can solve humanity's problems. He also sees American wealth as the key to ending global poverty and discounts the effects of differing cultures as being part of the problem. Sachs does not answer all questions about the sources and solution of poverty, but he sheds some needed light on the subject.

3 out of 5 stars Another impartial diagnosis of poverty.......2007-06-21

For some populist reasons, many pundits think that poverty in poor countries, notaby in Africa, is the result of the lack of investment or commitment of western nations. Unfortunately, Dr. Sachs is one of them. In this book, he only stresses the external factors deepening extreme poverty in Third World countries, not the significance of domestic variables like the obvious lack of commitment and weak incentives to eradicate poverty. The latter is a confluence of factors, both indigenous and external. Using history as our guide, one can almost certainly say that growth has failed because of weak domestic incentives. Failing to recognize that and calling for a large-scale investment in poor countries is an unadulterated promotion of utopianism. Without prior government commitments( not those based on short-term policy reforms but historical performance), all prescriptions will be worse than the desease.

5 out of 5 stars i really do like it.......2007-06-16

if you think about how stinjy (stingy) the 1st world is, it makes you sad. but if you read this book, you'll at least realize that something can be done. hopefully it'll make you feel a little bit better ^_^
Confessions of an Economic Hit Man
Average customer rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
  • The Hit Man Takes Hits
  • A human story about change of heart, not just economics
  • Viewing America's Global Empire from the Trenches
  • Self-Serving Drivel
  • Economic hit man
Confessions of an Economic Hit Man
John Perkins
Manufacturer: Plume
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0452287081

Amazon.com

John Perkins started and stopped writing Confessions of an Economic Hit Man four times over 20 years. He says he was threatened and bribed in an effort to kill the project, but after 9/11 he finally decided to go through with this expose of his former professional life. Perkins, a former chief economist at Boston strategic-consulting firm Chas. T. Main, says he was an "economic hit man" for 10 years, helping U.S. intelligence agencies and multinationals cajole and blackmail foreign leaders into serving U.S. foreign policy and awarding lucrative contracts to American business. "Economic hit men (EHMs) are highly paid professionals who cheat countries around the globe out of trillions of dollars," Perkins writes. Confessions of an Economic Hit Man is an extraordinary and gripping tale of intrigue and dark machinations. Think John Le Carré, except it's a true story.

Perkins writes that his economic projections cooked the books Enron-style to convince foreign governments to accept billions of dollars of loans from the World Bank and other institutions to build dams, airports, electric grids, and other infrastructure he knew they couldn't afford. The loans were given on condition that construction and engineering contracts went to U.S. companies. Often, the money would simply be transferred from one bank account in Washington, D.C., to another one in New York or San Francisco. The deals were smoothed over with bribes for foreign officials, but it was the taxpayers in the foreign countries who had to pay back the loans. When their governments couldn't do so, as was often the case, the U.S. or its henchmen at the World Bank or International Monetary Fund would step in and essentially place the country in trusteeship, dictating everything from its spending budget to security agreements and even its United Nations votes. It was, Perkins writes, a clever way for the U.S. to expand its "empire" at the expense of Third World citizens. While at times he seems a little overly focused on conspiracies, perhaps that's not surprising considering the life he's led. --Alex Roslin

Book Description

The runaway bestseller that has generated a major movie deal—and an international dialogue—with over 170,000 copies sold in hardcover and seven weeks on the New York Times list

“Economic hit men,” John Perkins writes,” are highly paid professionals who cheat countries around the globe out of trillions of dollars. Their tools include fraudulent financial reports, rigged elections, payoffs, extortion, sex, and murder. They play a game as old as Empire but one that has taken on terrifying dimensions during this time of globalization.”

John Perkins should know—he was an economic hit man for an international consulting firm that worked to convince developing countries to accept enormous loans and to funnel that money to U.S.corporations. Once these countries were saddled with huge debts, the American government and international aid agencies were able to request their “pound of flesh” in favors, including access to natural resources, military cooperation, and political support.

Confessions of an Economic Hit Man is the story of one man's experiences inside the intrigue, greed, corruption and little-known government and corporate activities that America has been involved in since World War II, and which have dire consequences for the future of democracy and the world.

“[A] gripping tell-all book.”—The Rocky Mountain News
“Astonishing.”—Boston Herald
“This riveting look at a world of intrigue reads like a spy novel . . . Highly recommended.”— Library Journal
“Here are the real-life details—nasty, manipulative, plain evil—of international corporate skullduggery spun into a tale rivaling the darkest espionage thriller.”—Greg Palast, author of The Best Democracy Money Can Buy

Customer Reviews:

5 out of 5 stars The Hit Man Takes Hits.......2007-10-08

I was loaned this book by a friend who believes the world is controlled by a conspiratorial group whose goal is world domination through a one-world government. Therefore, I was fully prepared to write off Perkin's story as just another conspiracy theory. But, in deference to my friend (with whose theories I DO NOT agree), I read it.

Surprisingly, I found I could not put the book down. For me, Perkin's revelations were like having an insider's guide to a difficult jigsaw puzzle, one where I had many of the pieces but was having trouble seeing how they fit together.

There have already been enough reviews written about this book and its contents. I will focus on what I can add by way of my own personal experiences. Incidentally, this book is definitely NOT a conspiracy theory, as the author makes clear.

Since 1995, I have been cruising fulltime on my sailboat, visiting many countries south of the border. My travels include spending many months (in some cases, years) in Mexico, El Salvador, Guatemala, Panama, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Bonaire, the Dominican Republic, etc. I'm presently spending six months in Venezuela. I don't hesitate to claim that I've learned much more about these countries and their peoples than the average U.S. citizen. I don't stay in insulated tourist hotels and resorts, but much prefer to mingle with the locals, playing music on guitar and talking politics. (BTW, knowing how to play guitar will buy infinitely more good will among the common people of Latin America than all the Gringo dollars you can carry.)

As far as Perkin's descriptions of events in the countries I've visited, I found him to be 100% credible; e.g., the unilateral invasion of Panama by the U.S., the role of United Fruit in the Latin countries, the devastating effects of U.S. big oil interests in Venezuela and Ecuador, his account of the ascendency of Hugo Chavez, the explanations of why and how Torrijos, Roldos and Allende met their untimely ends. Perkin's accounts of such things may be new and surprising to U.S. readers, but they are completely accurate and well-known facts among Latins.

Having for a long time been a serious student of world history, I can also find nothing incorrect about Perkin's accounts of events in other parts of the world. In my opinion, this is a very important book. It should be made required reading at every high school in the U.S. Then we might have a chance of producing a new generation of U.S. citizens whose heads are not buried in the sand and who might stand some chance of reaching valid conclusions, DESPITE their incessant exposure to the U.S. mass media, about how the rest of the world lives and thinks.

If you are considering buying this book, read the five-star reviews. Most importantly, don't be intimidated by the caustic language and attempts at character assassination evident in many of the negative reviews. It shouldn't require much of your critical thinking skills to see that most of those reviews are nothing more than irrational, vindictive mud-slinging by right-wing fanatics. The mere fact that there are so many virulent condemnations of the book, the author, and his message, should alone be enough to stimulate your interest.

In sum, Perkins is entirely credible, the book is sufficiently documented, and his story is important for an understanding of the political realities surrounding "globalization" and the role of U.S. mega-corporations in that effort. It was also very well-written. I couldn't recommend any book more highly.

4 out of 5 stars A human story about change of heart, not just economics.......2007-10-02

John Perkins, a man who has written mostly about his experiences with shamanism and only eluded to his "dark side", now comes clean in this eye-opening expose of how real people are paid to destroy countries economies in order to create wealth for the elite. But more than anything, this book for me is about one man's conversion experience - from selling his soul to the highest bidder (even while studying with indigenous shamans) to facing the human and environmental consequences of his actions. Eventually, he changed his life and stepped into the full potential of his heart.

Despite the harsh reality Perkin's truth-telling offers, this book is inspirational in that it proves that anyone can change from a life of greed and domination to one of kindness and compassion. I highly recommend his previous books (such as Shapeshifting) which speak to his spiritual awakenings and the role of indigenous people's teachings in leaving the Hit Man life behind.

4 out of 5 stars Viewing America's Global Empire from the Trenches.......2007-10-01

Confessions of an Economic Hit Man presents the experiences of John Perkins, while working as an Economic Hit Man (EHM)- although he was officially titled as an economist, essentially cheerleading foreign loans to third world countires as a means of economic development, although as Perkins claims, is was expected that the third world nations would never actually achieve the growth levels to allow them to pay off the loans.

All of this was done to both line the pockets of multi-national construction firms, primarily U.S.-based, as well as lead to the expansion of the United States "Global Empire".

While I find Perkins' writing a bit preachy, and his views somewhat a "holier-than thou" attitude, as it comes to his statements that he foresaw the ramifications of his work "doctoring" economic forecasts, the book is an interesting book that did make me consider a number of events on the international stage that I had previously considered chance happenings.

I think the time spent reading Confessions of an Economic Hit Man, is time well spent.


1 out of 5 stars Self-Serving Drivel.......2007-09-25

Perkins was an economic hit man, acting as a consultant who helped strong arm less developed countries into being saddled with debt they would be unable to pay. This strategy enriches American companies, and makes indebted countries obligated to serve US interests. In doing so, poor people become more impoverished, sensitive ecosystems are destroyed, and future generations suffer.
All the while Perkins created inflated economic forecasts to justify irresponsible lending by the World Bank and other financial behemoths, he claims to have felt guilty. Guilty all the way to his bank...
To assuage his guilt, he tries to equate how the general population benefits from lower prices based upon the work he has done, making us all his moral equivalent.
[...]
Perkins has a story to tell. His constant whining about his feelings, while getting richer and taking bribes throughout many decades, sickens me.
He should tell his story, and let his actions speak for his feelings. [...]

3 out of 5 stars Economic hit man.......2007-09-21

The book starts out with speciifc strong facts. However, towards the end it becomes significantly weaker and less convincing. Overall wothwhile reading, as long as you do not believe every word.
The White Man's Burden: Why the West's Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good
Average customer rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
  • Frustrating and Illuminating
  • A Wake-up call for the Aid-Industry
  • Skip Part 3
  • Very informative, unfortunately too much detail
  • Thought-provoking and memorable
The White Man's Burden: Why the West's Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good
William Easterly
Manufacturer: Penguin (Non-Classics)
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0143038826

Book Description

From one of the world's best-known development economists—an excoriating attack on the tragic hubris of the West's efforts to improve the lot of the so-called developing world

In his previous book, The Elusive Quest for Growth, William Easterly criticized the utter ineffectiveness of Western organizations to mitigate global poverty, and he was promptly fired by his then-employer, the World Bank. The White Man's Burden is his widely anticipated counterpunch—a brilliant and blistering indictment of the West's economic policies for the world's poor. Sometimes angry, sometimes irreverent, but always clear-eyed and rigorous, Easterly argues that we in the West need to face our own history of ineptitude and draw the proper conclusions, especially at a time when the question of our ability to transplant Western institutions has become one of the most pressing issues we face.

Customer Reviews:

5 out of 5 stars Frustrating and Illuminating.......2007-09-03

I found The White Man's Burden frustrating and illuminating at the same time. I was frustrated by the fact that despite masses of foreign aid little seems to have helped Africa, Latin America, Asia, and the other areas known as "the Rest". It was illuminating in that William Easterly oes such a good job of analyzing the reasons why so much good will and so much money have accomplished so little.

Basically, Westerners who seek to help the rest of the world have largely been Planners, Easterly's term for people and organizations who think the way to help others is to help them become more like themselves. Despite historic, cultural, religious, and a host of other differences, the West tries to improve the Rest by trying to make it into a New West. On the other hand, there are the Searchers, who try to find ways to help and to help the Rest help itself. Unfortunately, too many agencies and too many powerful people are Planners, and far too few are Searchers. Easterly dissects the failures of the Planners and compares them with the successes of Searchers in a scholarly, well researched manner that leaves room for the occasional witticism.

As I read The White Man's Burden I recognized so many of the same problems that I, as a public school teacher, face dealing with bureaucracies full of Planners, who think the way to solve a problem is to come up with a big overall Scheme and throw tons of money around, usually unsuccessfully. Easterly has performed a valuable service by revealing the problem and identifying the solutions. Maybe someday the Searchers will be in charge!

5 out of 5 stars A Wake-up call for the Aid-Industry.......2007-08-07

William Easterly gives, in his book, The White Man's Burden, an important contribution to the debate on foreign aid to developing countries. As a counterpart to economist Jeffrey Sachs and the World Bank's utopist policies, most of all suitable to give the West and their politicians a clean conscience - this book gives more realistic and down-to-earth suggestions to what really could work and what is possible to accomplish. It also calls for greater UN/World Bank/ NGO accountability towards the poor and not only towards donors...A "must-read" for all involved in foreign aid and other citizens alike.

4 out of 5 stars Skip Part 3.......2007-07-26

In this book, William Easterly does an excellent job of critiquing the West's efforts at foreign aid and why they have been so unsuccessful despite constant efforts over the past decades. He draws on his extensive experience with the World Bank and knowledge of the practices of other aid agencies to build a solid foundation for his argument. His claims that the grand plans of agencies simply do not address the real problems that the poverty face and that their efforts are simply not working are well founded.

However he divides the book into 4 parts, the first an introduction and the second a more detailed critique of development agencies. The fourth section presents his conclusions about the future of foreign aid and suggestions about how to make it more effective. But in part 3 he strays from the topic of direct foreign aid to address other ways that he claims that West has tried to aid the Rest. The section consists of 2 chapters. The first chapter addresses a proposed idea that Western powers take over certain sections of the developing world as a sort of economic protectorate. The idea is not clearly outlined but Easterly is immediately opposed to it because it sounds sort of like colonialism. He then analyzes decolonization for examples of why colonialism was bad for the developing world and, by analogy, so will these economic protectorates. His analysis of decolonization hinges on the fact that the colonial powers left behind countries with artificial boundaries that grouped antagonistic ethnic groups together and led to warfare and rivalry that hindered the country's development. However, he gives examples in which he twists historical facts to support his thesis, presenting colonial powers in an exclusively negative light. His treatment of the partition of India at their independence is the best example. As India was achieving independence from Britain, Muhammad Jinnah, the leader of the Muslims of India, pushed for a separate Muslim state, against the wishes of Gandhi and Nehru. He claimed that India will come to be dominated by Hindus and the Muslims would suffer under such a situation. The actual point of independence was overseen by Lord Mountbatten, sent in by Britain to peacefully bring about independence. The creation of Pakistan was the result. Unfortunately Pakistan would encompass a number of ethnic groups, including Sikhs, Baluchis, Pashtuns as well as Muslim Indians, who were uncooperative and led to Pakistan being an underdeveloped state. All of this is presented well by Easterly in the chapter. However his final take is that the problems of Pakistan are Mountbatten's fault for allegedly grouping all the ethnic groups together in that country. But Pakistan was Jinnah's idea who was doing something that Easterly would have advocated, separating 2 mutually antagonistic ethnic groups into separate states so that each could control their own destiny. Easterly twists historical facts in order to put Britain (a.k.a. the West) in a negative light. This attitude and distortion of history characterizes the entire chapter. Moreover his critique of colonialism says nothing the possible success of the proposed economic protectorates. Colonies were focussed on the economic development of the mother country. The economic protectorates would theoretically (and the whole idea was only a theory at the time of writing) focus on the economic development of the Third World.

The second chapter of the section does not fare much better. He addresses military interventions into developing countries, positing them as attempts to bring development to a country by bringing peace. However his detailed critique of them never presents them as economic development measures. Many of them were simply peacekeeping missions just to stop people from killing each other or undertaken as a means of national security. They were nothing more than political moves and should not be used as an example of the West's failure at development.

Overall this section simply reveals Easterly's biases and shows that he has stepped far outside his area of expertise. The section is misplaced and should have been deleted from the book altogether. It only detracts from an otherwise well-written and carefully thought out critique of foreign aid. In all I agree with his critique and his belief that the West needs to abandon its grand plans and listen to the world's poor to find out how we can address their needs more specifically.

Incidentally, I found one point where Easterly does not follow his own advice. At one point he is talking with a South African woman diagnosed with HIV, who will likely die within a few years, who, instead of resigning herself to her fate, is working as hard as she can to ensure a good life for her children. He asks what the biggest problem the country faces is. She answers "No jobs". Easterly then turns back to the reader with a twinkle in his eye and uses her unwillingness to give up as a call for better aid. But she didn't say she wanted aid, did she? She wants jobs. The real problem that all the developing world faces is a lack of economic investment. They need jobs so that they have a better chance of standing on their own in the future. What was that idea about economic protectorates?

4 out of 5 stars Very informative, unfortunately too much detail.......2007-06-22

Prof. Easterly knows what he is writing about as he spent many years with the World Bank. His basic thesis is, that the aid to developping countries does not lack funding, but the funds are applied very inefficiently. The "customers" of the help agencies are not the needy poor, but the "rich" donor countries and their citizens. Hence aid is applied to please these customers, rather than pleasing the poor. In other words, he applies market logic to explain the reasons for failure.

The only draw back to the book is its length. After some time, the book starts repeating itself, and the details become onerous for the interested lay person. (Who, except the specialist really cares about some fine differences between World Bank IMF and the various UN agencies?)

Even though I did not finish the book for that reason, I highly recommend it to anybody, who wants to know, why his aid money does not seem to work.

5 out of 5 stars Thought-provoking and memorable.......2007-06-04

As a former Peace Corps volunteer in Africa -- but someone without a lot of formal training in macroeconomics or knowledge of the politics and history of the IMF, World Bank, and associated other organizations -- I picked this book up hoping for a cogent and intelligent perspective on the "larger picture" driving what I observed on the ground. I wasn't disappointed.

Easterly arrives at many of the same conclusions I did, backed up with reams of analysis and a deep understanding of the nature of the IMF, World Bank, etc., as well as the historical roots explaining why they are the way they are. I found the book to be slow-going in parts, but that's probably more because much of the content was totally new to me: it's dense, but that's a good thing. And even though it is dense, I thought it was very readable.

One thing that I thought would have been valuable was more of a discussion about how a foreign policy oriented around a bottom-up, "Searcher" type approach could be sold. He acknowledges that the reason "Planner" solutions are so popular is that they make us feel good, like "something is being done" -- but, unfortunately, the psychological power of that is so strong that a fundamental shift in policy will not occur simply on the basis of rational evidence that it doesn't work. That said, I don't think it's impossible: it's just about appealing to a different aspect of our psychology. Peace Corps, for instance, I think does a pretty good job of selling the Searcher ethos, and it does so by emphasizing the small-scale stories of success, as well as the OTHER benefits of being a Searcher (such as learning from the other cultures). A Searcher-based foreign policy, on the larger scale, could sell itself similarly -- buzzwords like "empowerment" and "grassroots" spring to mind. Anyway, I would have appreciated more of a discussion about that (or, if these ideas are silly, a discussion of exactly why).

Still, this book is important reading for anyone interested in foreign policy and foreign aid. And it should be required reading for the people in charge of such things.
Economics of Development, Sixth Edition
Average customer rating: 5 out of 5 stars
  • THE BEST BOOK IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
  • The book I've been looking for for a long time
Economics of Development, Sixth Edition
Dwight H. Perkins , Steven Radelet , and David L. Lindauer
Manufacturer: W. W. Norton
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0393926524

Book Description

Economics of Development is renowned for its accessibility and emphasis on the real-world perspectives of developing countries, using concrete empirical data and case studies to illustrate key concepts. Integrating new coverage of modern growth and human resources theory throughout and with five entirely new chapters, the Sixth Edition represents the most extensive revision of this classic text to date.

Customer Reviews:

5 out of 5 stars THE BEST BOOK IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS.......2007-07-04

I have recently had the pleasure to read this book. As a researcher and consultant, I have had the possibility of reading and studying in depth most of the books, papers, and so on, published on Development but I am sincere when I say to my colleagues that I have never read anything like this book, through which Professors Perkins, Radelet and Lindauer are able to explain for Undergraduate students (and anyone interested in this field) the basics (and not so basics) of Development and Economic Growth, forgetting about showing off and focusing just on transferring their knowledge to their students / readers. If I had to describe the book in one word, I would it is just "amazing" and, as it can be inferred from my words, I strongly recommend this book.

5 out of 5 stars The book I've been looking for for a long time.......2007-05-13

This is a well-organized, straight-forward, and informative introduction to development economics. The book has obviously been edited and polished so as to deliver information to the student in the most efficient way possible. Also, this book is so interesting that it is a joy to read. I cannot say that about very many textbooks.
The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Eradicating Poverty Through Profits
Average customer rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
  • Saving the World
  • Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, and anecdotal evidence is not proof
  • Hardcover and tradepaperback are different!!!
  • at last a pragmatic approach to develpment
  • Magical
The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Eradicating Poverty Through Profits
C. K. Prahalad
Manufacturer: Wharton School Publishing
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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  1. Capitalism at the Crossroads: Aligning Business, Earth, and Humanity (2nd Edition) (Wharton School Publishing Paperbacks) Capitalism at the Crossroads: Aligning Business, Earth, and Humanity (2nd Edition) (Wharton School Publishing Paperbacks)
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ASIN: 0131467506

Book Description

The world's most exciting, fastest-growing new market? It's where you least expect it: at the bottom of the pyramid. Collectively, the world's billions of poor people have immense entrepreneurial capabilities and buying power. You can learn how to serve them and help millions of the world's poorest people escape poverty.

It is being done-profitably. Whether you're a business leader or an anti-poverty activist, business guru Prahalad shows why you can't afford to ignore "Bottom of the Pyramid" (BOP) markets.

In the book and accompanying CD videos, Prahalad presents...

Why what you know about BOP markets is wrong A world of surprises-from spending patterns to distribution and marketing

Unlocking the "poverty penalty"

The most enduring contributions your company can make Delivering dignity, empowerment, and choice-not just products

Corporations and BOP entrepreneurs Profiting together from an inclusive new capitalism

"C. K. Prahalad argues that companies must revolutionize how they dobusiness in developing countries if both sides of that economic equation areto prosper. Drawing on a wealth of case studies, his compelling new bookoffers an intriguing blueprint for how to fight poverty with profitability." Bill Gates, Chairman and Chief Software Architect,Microsoft

"The Bottom of the Pyramid belongs at the top of the reading list forbusiness people, academics, and experts pursuing the elusive goal ofsustainable growth in the developing world. C. K. Prahalad writes withuncommon insight about consumer needs in poor societies andopportunities for the private sector to serve important public purposes whileenhancing its own bottom line. If you are looking for fresh thinking aboutemerging markets, your search is ended. This is the book for you." Madeleine K. Albright, Former U.S. Secretary of State

"Prahalad challenges readers to re-evaluate their pre-conceived notionsabout the commercial opportunities in serving the relatively poor nations ofthe world. The Bottom of the Pyramid highlights the way to commercialsuccess and societal improvement--but only if the developed worldreconceives the way it delivers products and services to the developingworld." Christopher Rodrigues, CEO, Visa International

"An important and insightful work showing persuasively how the privatesector can be put at the center of development, not just as a rhetoricalflourish but as a real engine of jobs and services for the poor." Mark Malloch Brown, Administrator, United Nations Development Programme

Customer Reviews:

4 out of 5 stars Saving the World.......2007-10-02

The author loves his TLA's (3 letter acronyms)! I wish someone had told me how technical this book was; those with an MBA will get the most out of it. But I love Prahalad's outlook and creativity. Perhaps with a little advice I can take my ideas and come up with a formal business plan.

3 out of 5 stars Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, and anecdotal evidence is not proof.......2007-06-24

Last year this book became a best seller hit among the developmental community at Washington, D.C., to the point that all bookstores at Metro DC run out of it. With notorious and well publicized praising comments from Madeleine Albright, Bill Gates and the like, I bought it too, but just to discover all the frenzy was undeserved from the viewpoint of poverty eradication.

Undoubtedly Mr. Pralhad's research demonstrates there are plenty of opportunities to do good business among the poor at the BOP (bottom of the pyramid), for them to benefit from the products and services not available now, and for some of them to go out of poverty by becoming entrepreneurs (market penetration is always limited). I agree on these conclusions, as commented extensively by the previous reviewers, and without a doubt this book will become a reference in many Business Schools. But to assert that this strategy will eradicate poverty and bring development is plain sophistry. As Carl Sagan said "Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence".

Why sophistry? Regarding the poverty eradication claimed by Mr. Prahalad I will try to highlight some of the main flaws in his rationale and lack of sufficient evidence:

1. Despite the consideration of several cases from around the Third-World, most of the discussion and arguments to build the framework are related to India, excessively. The conditions of the poor in Latin America are quite different, and often, they have better public services available to them. On the other hand, many African countries have worst conditions. So you can not reach valid conclusions based solely on a country with such unique cultural and ethnical conditions. For doing business the cases are fine, especially for India or China because they are such huge markets at the BOP.

2. Wealth creation is hugely overestimated. Poor entrepreneurs and their immediate family will undoubtedly benefit from these new economic activities, but the framework lacks an explanation about how these oases of welcomed capitalism will trickle-down to the rest of their neighbors and poor villages. The implicit assumption is that everybody at the BOP has to become an entrepreneur for this strategy to work, because by just having access to affordable consumer products it seems very unlikely that poverty will be eradicated. The proposed framework is just good for doing business and for the poor to have access to new services and products, but where is the sustainable "fishing industry" for the rest of the poor population? The cases are very unique, islands of excellence, and with limited potential for a population the huge size of the BOT to bail out of poverty in significant numbers.

3. The analysis lacks the historical, cultural, legal and socio-economical background for a given country or region, and this consideration is fundamental for a proper analysis on sustainable development. Even when Mr. Pralhalad correctly identifies lack of education, corruption and the size of the informal sector as barriers for development and doing business, he then oversimplifies a lot on how to overcome these key issues, and again, an isolated Indian case is used as the magic formula to solve the problem through information technology. In fact, at the end of Chapter 6, within the conclusions, he recognizes that the illustrations he provides "are but islands of excellence in a sea of deprivation and helplessness". As the development community knows well, these successful stories are very hard to replicate. In Latin America we have the outstanding cases of Chile, Uruguay and Costa Rica. In Brazil, we have the cases of the Southern states of Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul. All of them very developed as compared to their neighbors (in terms of income, education, health, etc.), but despite all efforts, no one has successfully reproduced these islands of excellence at a scale that makes a difference.

4. An example will help to understand how superficial the cases are from a point of view of development and poverty eradication. The Brazilian case of "Casas Bahia" lacks the consideration of the socio-economic environment of the country, especially the case omits to mention key characteristics of the financial and credit markets (for those interested in this particular case from the point of view of business, I recommend you read "Samuel Klein e Casas Bahia: Uma trajetoria de Sucesso", Novo Seculo, 2005, this is a real and really impressive business success story). Mr. Klein successfully, by trusting the poor, built an empire that today is still one of the few option many mid- and low-income families have to buy the first computer for their children going to college in Brazil. But, let's see why the market share for credit cards is only 4%, and why it is not a real threat for Casas Bahia own financial system as stated in the book, as well as why there is not much in here to help eradicat poverty in Brazil. Annual inflation today in Brazil is in the order of 3-4%, and the Brazilian currency, the "Real" have been steadily revaluating against the dollar for the last 3 years. However, interest rates in Brazil are sky-high, a legacy of the hyper-inflation times of twenty years ago. Interest rates for well-known international credit cards are 9-11% per month, which compounded translates to an annual rate close to 180%, regardless of whether you're poor or rich. Today retail chain stores of this type charge around 3% per month, embedded in the price of the consumer products, so the consumer doesn't know up-front the real price. This translates to a compounded rate of 43% per year. Often if you try to pay upfront, there is no discount. So where is the real benefit for the poor? Or are they just getting every day more indebted, and spending money on fat interests that they could have used to buy more or better food or better health services for their kids. I do not see where poverty eradication fits in this case. Obviously Brazil has a problem of lack of real competition in the capitalist sense; even the branches of American Banks doing business in Brazil charge these exorbitant rates. As a reference for the readers, you can buy a 30Gb iPod in Brazil for the "reasonable" amount of US$1,000, payable in 12 installments, and for the high price we also have to thank the federal government high taxes on almost everything. Coming back to the case, as an additional "benefit", you only can make the payments in person at stores of the retail chain, just to make sure the poor are tempted every month and come back for more when they are close to payback that debt. That's why there is a 77% of clients who make reapeat purchases as the book reports. Not surprisingly the case description mentions the criticism "that Casas Bahia simply exploits the poor and charges them exorbitant interest rates", but neglects to present a due explanation of why this is not truth, and simply disregards the cristicism.

5. Finally, Mr. Prahalad is extremely optimistic. At he end of Chapter 6 and in his own words: "I have no doubt that the elimination of poverty and deprivation is possible by 2020". This prophecy speaks by itself about the reliability of the analysis. And again, let's remember that extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. All the book presents is anecdotal evidence, which is not proof as any scientist knows, and the framework presented has no predictive power, much less to assert that poverty will end by 2020.

Unquestionably an excellent business book, and a very innovative one, but just for that, business. That's why to me it only deserves 3 stars. On the other hand, not much value-added in there for doing real sustainable development across the board, as the author insinuates and some of the readers think, and certainly not much for real poverty eradication. For that outrageous addition to the book's title I took the other 2 stars. The "Erradicating poverty through profits" part of the book's title should be erased, so the book really deserves the 5 stars most reviewers gave to it (and as the previous reviewer rightly complained, the cases were really awfully edited for the paperback edition, even with repeated sentences). Definitely this book is not recommended if you are serious about new ideas for sustainable development. For a real book on that subject, read the recently publicated "The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be Done About It" by Paul Collier, though its scope refers mainly to very poor African countries, it is an example of a serious and proper approach to the problem of eradicating poverty. To understand the complexities of promoting development, you may also read "Making Globalization Work" by Joseph Stiglitz. These two books will clearly ilustrate why "The Fortune at the BOP" is not a book on development, and absolutely, no Nobel Prize is deserved.

1 out of 5 stars Hardcover and tradepaperback are different!!!.......2007-04-13

Here is a note I sent to the editor after buying the tradepaperback version.

Your editorial staff has done something so dumb I am astounded! (Also really $%^& mad.) The hardcover and trade paperback versions of CK Prahalad - The fortune at the bottom of the pyramid, are NOT the same. I assigned readings from this book to my class of 100 students. They went and bought the book and found that the case studies aren't there. On closer investigation I see that you shortened the case studies and renamed the chapters. Unfortunately the editing on the shortening is terrible and I simply can't ask my students to read such badly written material.

You did several things wrong
1) You sell two books with identical titles and covers, which have different content
2) You edited very very badly
3) You did this on an award winning book with high visibility

As far as I can tell there is no way for anyone to figure out that the content is different except in the very rare case that they own both versions.

This is a black mark on the Wharton name. What were you thinking?

-james

5 out of 5 stars at last a pragmatic approach to develpment.......2007-01-09

Prahalad'book "the fortune at the bottom of the pyramid" demonstrates the importance to get the people we are "supposed" to help to get involved. The bottom up approach is in line with William Shaffeerly and David Bornstein books where the people are key to any lasting development. The top down approach a la Jeffrey Sacks are fine for the politicians but did not bring much results after all these years. It is time for a change in approach and the Nobel Price to Dr. M.Yunus is very encouraging.

3 out of 5 stars Magical .......2006-08-29

FBP is an intriguing concept and the model can be scaled up or down in size in all parts of the world. The book serves as a wake up call to businessmen across the world.
Challenge of Third World Development, The (4th Edition)
Average customer rating: 4 out of 5 stars
  • Poor writing and lacks originality
  • Enlightening.
  • to better the understand the third world
  • Great Textbook and Resource Tool
Challenge of Third World Development, The (4th Edition)
Howard Handelman
Manufacturer: Prentice Hall
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0131930702

Book Description

This book explores political, economic, and social issues common to diverse Third World countries. It stresses the themes of democratization, modernization, and dependency theory, examining the nature of underdevelopment. The text analyzes the major political and socio economic rifts that divide many of these nations and the efforts being made to understand and address these challenges.

Customer Reviews:

2 out of 5 stars Poor writing and lacks originality.......2007-06-28

This is an extremely dry book. There are no maps (which is hard to believe for a political science book/text) and the charts Handelman uses are irrelevant. The writing style is frustrating to follow. Every section is out of chronological order.
My biggest peeve of this book is that Handelman doesn't provide his own research. He basically paraphrases other works and combined them all into a book. Its a cop out way of writing a political science book. None of his ideas are his and he lacks critical analysis necessary for a good political science text.
For example, Handelmann associates modernization with westernization however this isn't necessarily accurate. Many countries modernize without westernizing. To be fair, many of these same countries do absorb few western qualities but after the initial modernization process, they shed any western values. In fact, this produces a sharper anti-western sentiment as these modernized countries believe that westernization is not a necessary component of modernization. Handelmann does not distinguish between modernization and westernization- it is too favorable an argument that lacks critical analysis. Basically, Handelmann is one lazy dude trying to make a quick buck! Don't buy this book. I had it for a political science course and I wanted to throw it in the trask after reading every chapter. If you have to read it for a course then critically analyze Handelmann's arguments because they are all flawed- bonus participation points~

5 out of 5 stars Enlightening........2006-08-20

This was my text for an undergraduate sociology course. Handelman did an exceptional job in presenting the multiple inter-related facets that complicate the development of Third World nations. I would recommend this book to anyone who wants to understand the plight of these countries. My only disappointment was his underlyng premise that democracy is the answer. I suspect that is the belief in most of Western society. However, I am not convinced.

5 out of 5 stars to better the understand the third world.......2002-11-20

Handelman provides what the third world has to deal with to become industrialized democracies. He foucses on underdevelopment, democratic changes. religion and politics, ethnic conflict, women in development, agrarian reform, and rapid uranization among other topics. THe book was published recently so it even has some information about 9-11 and its impact.

Good source for third world development.

5 out of 5 stars Great Textbook and Resource Tool.......2002-04-14

I had to read this book for an undergraduate course on the politics of the developing world. It can be difficult to read at times if the reader does not have some understanding of the developing world or the theories that surround their slow development into modernity. Overall it is an wonderful text for building a knowledge base and an excelllent reference tool.
Economic Development (9th Edition) (Addison-Wesley Series in Economics)
Average customer rating: 4 out of 5 stars
  • Very illuminating
Economic Development (9th Edition) (Addison-Wesley Series in Economics)
Michael P. Todaro , and Stephen C. Smith
Manufacturer: Addison Wesley
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0321278887

Customer Reviews:

4 out of 5 stars Very illuminating.......2007-09-23

This book talks about many issues on economic development, and it also includes alternative approaches. You do not have to be a economics major to understand that book.
The Elusive Quest for Growth: Economists' Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics
Average customer rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
  • Yes indeed "People respond to incentives"
  • Very interesting easy to read, light on solutions
  • Elusive Fantasies on Global Prosperity
  • Great Themes and Practical Views
  • Fresh Approach
The Elusive Quest for Growth: Economists' Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics
William Easterly
Manufacturer: The MIT Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0262550423

Book Description

Since the end of World War II, economists have tried to figure out how poor countries in the tropics could attain standards of living approaching those of countries in Europe and North America. Attempted remedies have included providing foreign aid, investing in machines, fostering education, controlling population growth, and making aid loans as well as forgiving those loans on condition of reforms. None of these solutions has delivered as promised. The problem is not the failure of economics, William Easterly argues, but the failure to apply economic principles to practical policy work.

In this book Easterly shows how these solutions all violate the basic principle of economics, that people--private individuals and businesses, government officials, even aid donors--respond to incentives. Easterly first discusses the importance of growth. He then analyzes the development solutions that have failed. Finally, he suggests alternative approaches to the problem. Written in an accessible, at times irreverent, style, Easterly’s book combines modern growth theory with anecdotes from his fieldwork for the World Bank.

Customer Reviews:

5 out of 5 stars Yes indeed "People respond to incentives".......2007-06-19

Unlike Jeffrey Sachs in "The end of Poverty," who calls for a large-scale investment in the Third World countries and paying only scant attention to the importance of prior government commitment and endogenous (indigenous) policy reforms, Dr. Easterly strongly emphasizes domestic variables in shaping growth. His book highlights why growth have failed in most developing countries:"people respond to incentives." It is a must for anyone trying to understand the multidimensionality of growth. Orthodox elixirs have their limits....

4 out of 5 stars Very interesting easy to read, light on solutions.......2007-04-21

Easterly's book in general does a very good job at simplifying the economic language and is easily accessible to all readers. The book also flows well and is an interesting read. He does a good job at describing and analyzing the problems with various economic growth policies. However, his solutions and paths to move forward are vague and simplified.

3 out of 5 stars Elusive Fantasies on Global Prosperity.......2007-04-20

The persistence of poverty and underdevelopment in African countries after the independence of these countries might lead one to reevaluate the validity of the entire discipline of development studies. William Easterly does so from an institutional point of view. He argues that African countries' failure was partly a result of fictitious "panaceas". Albeit a bit more comprehensive, Easterly's method is not very different from the panaceas that failed, however: It is technology, stupid, not machines (p. 51).

Easterly argues that panaceas such as international aid, investment, education, and population control failed because they were not panaceas in the first place. He adamantly tries to show that there is no historical or statistical relationship between these "panaceas" and economic growth. His second argument as to why these methods failed to result in economic development is that they were not coupled with "right incentives". According to Easterly, governments, donors, and individuals respond to incentives; therefore, policies that do not create any incentives for either of these three are doomed to fail. Other than these policy issues, Easterly views technological advancement as the most concrete factor that determines the development of countries. Thus, rather than investment in machines, Easterly prescribes for poor countries investment in R & D. Given the absence of incentives for private parties to invest in R & D in poor countries, he suggests that the governments of poor countries should subsidize investment in new knowledge (p. 168).

Problems, Problems, Problems...

Putting the "people respond to incentives" motto aside, there are two primary problems in Easterly's evaluation of "panaceas". The first one is that he incorrectly discredits the crucial elements of development. To start with, Easterly believes that increases in investments -or machines- has no theoretical or empirical relationship with growth. However, we know no country that has developed without an increase in savings, investments, and machines. (Indeed, for Stiglitz, the East Asian "miracle" was simply a result of saving heavily and investing well). As such, the relationship between machines and economic growth needs a clarification: machines are necessary, though not sufficient, element of an economic growth. Yet Easterly does not think that machines are even a necessary component of growth. Testing this necessary argument, he finds that high rates of investments are not related to high rates of economic growth. The problem with Easterly's test, however, is that it is based on the assumption of a linear relationship between increases in the number of machines and economic growth. Yet no one would argue that "the more machines, the more growth" relationship holds forever. "Machinization" is not immune to the law of diminishing returns. The first couple machines increase the output enormously, later ones increase output less, and later ones more less, so much so that after a point increases in machines virtually decreases productivity because the return from investment in machines does not even matches its costs. Thus, in the absence of an improvement in technology, the relationship between the number of machines and growth is either log linear or curvilinear (`n' shape). (The classic case of high output growth without much productivity growth was that of the Soviet Union in the 1950s and early 1960s. Soviet economy was growing only because of massive mobilization of labor and huge rates of investment and total productivity was growing slowly, if at all. This implied that the growth had to slow down first, and die down later. This is indeed what happened.) For this reason, the relationship between machines and technology is a complementary one. Machines start economic growth and technological advancements maintain and further it. I do not understand therefore why Easterly mystifies the importance of technology for developing countries and downplays the equal importance of investment in machines for these countries. After al technology is applied on machines; or in other words, technological advancement means improvement of machines.

Education has long been treated as another "necessary but not sufficient" element of economic development. Easterly counters this argument as well. He argues that there is no empirical evidence for the positive relationship between investment in formal schooling and growth rates. His argument is based upon primary and secondary level education, however. I do not think that Easterly would still find a nonexistent relationship between post-high school education and growth. What is important here is that investment in technology, which Easterly views as the crucial element in growth, cannot take place without substantial investment in upper level education. In such a case, developing countries will continuously have to import their scientists and engineers from the developed world, which would perpetuate their dependence on rich countries. (Is it just a coincidence that the four Asian countries that have maintained astonishing levels of economic growth in the second half of the 20th century (Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and China) are also the top four countries that send most students to American universities?)

Finally, Easterly's conclusion on the irrelevance of population growth to economic growth is based on his incorrect interpretation of the historical relationship between the two. He argues that historically population growth and economic growth followed the same pattern in industrialized nations: both were slow until the 19th century, and then both accelerated at the same time. Thus, "it is hard to reconcile this fact with the idea that population growth is disastrous to growth," (p. 92). But the parallel trends in population and economic growth in the 19th-century Europe was simply due to economic growth's positive impact on social health. Economic growth meant less infant deaths, less diseases, and more disease treatment. This is exactly the case in today's poor countries. Therefore, the reason why economic growth and population increase go hand in hand in poor nations is not that population increase helps economic growth, but rather that economic growth causes population growth by reducing deaths due to curable diseases. (Interestingly, in the introduction of the book Easterly articulates why economic growth is important for poor countries: "Poverty is not just low GDP; it is dying babies, starving children, and oppression of women and the downtrodden," (p. 15). I do not understand, therefore, why he fails to see that this is exactly why economic growth in poor societies has a population-increasing effect.) To me, population growth is detrimental to economic growth especially for countries that has low capital-to-labor and land-to-labor ratios. Population growth may not be harmful for nations who has high capital-to-labor ratio (e.g. Belgium) because they have enough resources to invest on each additional individual. Similarly, population growth might not be necessarily detrimental for countries with a relatively high land-to-labor ratio (e.g. Brazil), for they can employ new members at least in the agricultural sector. But for a country like Bangladesh, which has low capital-to-labor as well as low land-to-labor ratio, population growth harms growth in two ways. First, it increases the number of mouths that are to be fed with the scarce capital; second, it depresses the wage down by increasing demand for the already scarce jobs.
I agree with Easterly that none of these factors are "panaceas"; nevertheless, they are essential elements of growth policies in developing countries.

To me, the fundamental problem in Easterly's approach to economic development is his misreading of history and his failure to understand the dynamics of a capitalist growth. Easterly attributes rich countries' richness to their technological advancement and implementing right governmental policies. This approach has two inexcusable problems: first, it assumes that all countries can be rich if they employ right policies; second, it assumes that development is a national phenomenon. Like most economic liberals, Easterly shares Rostow's (1959) naïve belief that development has a path to be followed and "any and every" country that follows this path will become a rich country. This argument is simply against the scarcity of vital resources of the world. Today each inhabitant of the North consumes ten times as much energy, nineteen times as much aluminum, fourteen times as much paper, and thirteen times as much iron and steel as someone in the South. Thus, it would take ten planets the size of this one for poor countries to consume as much as rich ones do (Galeano 2000, p. 216). Given the scarcity of vital resources, what poor nations can achieve at most is to alleviate (or maybe eliminate) poverty, not to get rich. And even this cannot be done with their own efforts solely.

A related problem in Easterly's approach is its negligence of the relationship between economic and political power in the world (well, according to Gilpin, this is a common problem among economists). Thanks to its richness, the West (led by the US) enjoys economic, political, and military hegemony over the rest of the world. Any threat to this hegemony will preoccupy the Western countries. The US has already started to preoccupy with the Chinese economic growth, even though Chinese GDP per capita is still around $1000 only. How would be the power relations in a world in which Brazil, India, Nigeria, Indonesia, and China had GDP per capita levels above $10000? Would the powerful countries of the world welcome such a world? Interestingly, Easterly fails to apply his motto onto world politics: What "incentives" does G-7 have in the enrichment of poor countries?

4 out of 5 stars Great Themes and Practical Views.......2007-01-12

I was impressed with Easterly's objective viewpoint as well as his clarity of expressive economic ideas. It was great to read about historical progress on the poverty of nations and what ideas have not worked in the past. It is a great broad overview and it is presented in a very orderly and easy to understand way. I was entertained as I read as well with his personal experiences, metaphors and humor.

It is a good educational read.

5 out of 5 stars Fresh Approach.......2006-11-03

The setting and structure are atypical and a sense of humor is added for enjoyable reading. More important there is an element of hope for the dismal science.
The Emerging Markets Century: How a New Breed of World-Class Companies Is Overtaking the World
Average customer rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
  • The update on opportune investments from emerging economies
  • Refreshing, easy to read, very informative, empowering book
The Emerging Markets Century: How a New Breed of World-Class Companies Is Overtaking the World
Antoine van Agtmael
Manufacturer: Free Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0743294572

Book Description

In this vital book, visionary international investment manager Antoine van Agtmael -- the pioneer who coined the term "emerging markets" -- pulls back the curtain on the new powerhouses of the world economy. Picking up where Thomas Friedman's The World Is Flat left off, he persuasively demonstrates that the world's center of gravity is already tipping decisively in favor of the emerging economies. With this seismic shift, competitive challenges and investment risks are also being dramatically transformed, while new opportunities are arising for those who are alert to them.

A new breed of world-leading companies are catching their Western competitors off guard. Household names of today -- IBM, Ford, Sony, and Shell -- are in danger of becoming has-beens as these more innovative new superstars in the emerging markets claim dominance. Understanding how they have become world-class market leaders, and where they are taking the world economy, is crucial to understanding not only the future of globalization, but the future of Western competitiveness.

Each year we are buying more planes from Brazil's Embraer, refrigerators from China's Haier appliance maker, smart cell phones from Taiwan's HTC, and gas from Russia's Gazprom. How have these relative unknowns come so far in the world markets so fast? What are they doing right that their Western competitors are doing wrong, and how can Western companies face the intensifying challenges and survive?

With in-depth, inside knowledge of these emerging powerhouses that's based on his thirty years of working, traveling, and investing in emerging markets and his extraordinary access to the leading companies, van Agtmael trains his experienced analyst's eye on twenty-five of the top emerging giants, taking readers into the executive suites and labs where they are outmaneuvering their Western rivals. Profiling these major players, such as Korea's Samsung Electronics, China's computer maker Lenovo, Brazil's iron ore giant CVRD, and India's Infosys, van Agtmael divulges their strategies for growth, and analyzes how their rise to dominance will change our lives. His unique insights point the way to how we in the West can capitalize on the opportunities these companies represent while also mobilizing a powerful response to the challenges they present.

The Emerging Markets Century is a compelling and necessary read for anyone who wants to understand the true magnitude of change under way in the global economy today.

Customer Reviews:

5 out of 5 stars The update on opportune investments from emerging economies.......2007-09-05

In 1981, fund manager Antoine van Agtmael created the term "emerging markets," as opposed to "Third World," to describe developing countries, from Brazil to China. A pioneer in emerging-market investments, he describes the economic revolution being provoked by corporate activities in emerging markets. Van Agtmael enumerates the forces driving this transformation in the economic relationship between developed nations and their emerging-market counterparts. In the second half of the book, he shares his detailed research into the factors that make emerging-market companies notable and successful. He catalogues market details about 25 specific companies he has analyzed for investment purposes, and presents the lessons they can teach Western managers. We recommend this book to serious investors who want to know about promising non-U.S. companies, and to managers who want to read about their corporations' upcoming competitors - and potential future owners.

4 out of 5 stars Refreshing, easy to read, very informative, empowering book.......2007-03-17

This book is poorly branded in my opinion, just like what is said about the authors original idea on Emerging markets vs. 3rd world.

This book is totally under rated, and under subscribed., do yourself a favour and open it up and read a few random pages, you will soon realize how clearly the book is written, and how compelling and refreshing the ideas are that are presented.

This should/could be a best seller in weeks, but has not been promoted effectively in my opinion.

Antoine, whats with the poor branding again ? You need a new cover design, and maybe new title. Go onto CNBC TV also. Your book is incredible but people won't pick it up based on its visual appearance.
You Can Hear Me Now: How Microloans and Cell Phones are Connecting the World's Poor to the Global Economy
Average customer rating: 5 out of 5 stars
  • For the masses
  • Worth it!
  • Wonderful example of thinking outside our cultural constraints...
  • An excellent book that shows how ICTs are effective development tools...
You Can Hear Me Now: How Microloans and Cell Phones are Connecting the World's Poor to the Global Economy
Nicholas P. Sullivan
Manufacturer: Jossey-Bass
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0787986097

Book Description

Bangladeshi villagers sharing cell phones helped build what is now a thriving company with more than $200 million in annual profits. But what is the lesson for the rest of the world? This is a question author Nicholas P. Sullivan addresses in his tale of a new kind of entrepreneur, Iqbal Quadir, the visionary and catalyst behind the creation of GrameenPhone in Bangladesh.

GrameenPhone—a partnership between Norway's Telenor and Grameen Bank, co-winner of the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize—defines a new approach to building business opportunities in the developing world. You Can Hear Me Now offers a compelling account of what Sullivan calls the "external combustion engine"—a combination of forces that is sparking economic growth and lifting people out of poverty in countries long dominated by aid-dependent governments. The "engine" comprises three forces: information technology, imported by native entrepreneurs trained in the West, backed by foreign investors.

Customer Reviews:

5 out of 5 stars For the masses.......2007-06-20

You Can Hear Me Now will interest a wide variety of readers. On a personal level, the story of Iqbal Quadir, who at age 36, single-handedly coordinated the effort to bring cellular phone service to one of the poorest countries in our world, is an inspriration. Moving beyond the completion of his college studies in America and entering the workforce, Quadir had not forgotten the struggles of the rural poor of his homeland, Bangladesh. Iqbal Quadir's story is one of creativity, passion, and perseverance not only for a project, but for a people. Beyond the book, the story grows. Readers can expect Mr. Quadir will continue to work toward the alleviation of poverty in Bangladesh through continued efforts with new projects.

As an academic book, readers will discover a revolutionary economist in Quadir. He has used traditional economic theories to develop, solidify, and test his own. He is a noted original thinker and a man of action. "Connectivity is productivity" is Quadir's cry. He is changing the world's view of the risk of investment in developing countries. He is a victor of the race to end poverty.

Mr. Sullivan's well-written references to and explanations of economic concepts are clearly written and easy to understand. This book is a must-read for all students of economics, business, and entrepreneurship. If instructors do not require the book, students should be delving into the material on their free time.

Globally, the impact of Quadir's work in Bangladesh has rippled throughout the developing world with his economic practices and business models duplicated successfully. Iqbal Quadir's story brings hope for a better future for millions of people, and personally, his actions inspire me to question what role I play.

5 out of 5 stars Worth it!.......2007-03-14

It is a story about a man with a vision to empower the poor in Bangladesh (one of the 50 poorest countries in the world according to many global economic reports). Iqbal Quadir had faith in his strategy and the intelligence to lay it in ways to get investment from Grameen Bank and other powerful investors, who may have once been reluctant. If you already have grassroots business ideas, this book is not only an inspiration but it also loosely illustrates the challenges in BOP markets.

5 out of 5 stars Wonderful example of thinking outside our cultural constraints..........2007-02-25

To the typical American (and other developed nation citizens), the cell phone has become part of the normal fabric of life. Communication with anyone at any time from anywhere is just expected. But in countries like Bangladesh, only a very small number of people have access to any type of telephone communication. The book You Can Hear Me Now: How Microloans and Cell Phones are Connecting the World's Poor to the Global Economy by Nicholas P. Sullivan does an excellent job of showing how something as simple as the cell phone can break the cycle of poverty and aid for millions of people.

Contents:
Part 1 - The GrameenPhone Story: Connectivity Is Productivity; Dish-Wallahs of Delhi (and Other Early Models); Cell Phone as Cow - A New Paradigm in Search of Investors; On The Money Trail in Scandinavia; Building a Company; Building a Network
Part 2 - Transformation Through Technology: Wildfile at the Bottom of the Pyramid; Cell Phone as Wallet; Wealth Creation and Rural Income Opportunities; Beyond Phones - In Search of a New "Cow"; Eyeing the Dhaka Stock Exchange
Epilogue; Notes; Resources; Index

The book is split into two parts. The first part covers the story of GrameenPhone's launch in Bangladesh, and the second part is more of a look at the forces behind using technology at the "bottom of the pyramid" (the vast number of people who globally live at poverty level) to connect them to the world's trade economy. Iqbal Quadir was a Bangladeshi who studied and worked in the US and was doing quite well. But he was also concerned about the massive levels of poverty in his home country. Once day he was standing on the street and had an epiphany about communication equaling productivity. His people worked hard, but they had no way to reliably communicate with others except by face to face meetin