Eyes Wide Open: A Memoir of Stanley Kubrick

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Hurriedly published to coincide with the July 1999 release of Stanley Kubrick's final film, Eyes Wide Shut, this slim, rather obviously titled volume by the film's distinguished screenwriter offers considerably less than its cover copy leads you to expect. But for avid followers of Kubrick's career, even a cursory glimpse of the late director's lifestyle and creative methods will prove to be fascinating. And while Frederic Raphael instantly drew criticism and controversy from Kubrick's family and friends for describing Kubrick as "the sedentary wandering Jew, rootlessly rooted within his own defenses," this and other remarks must be considered in context. Eyes Wide Open must ultimately be seen to reflect Raphael's conflicting emotions about a filmmaker he clearly admires and respects, even if their collaboration resulted in equal parts elation, exasperation, and hard-won rewards.

Using notebook entries, vivid recollection, and re-created scenes in screenplay format, Raphael paints a portrait as revealing of himself (if not more so) than of Kubrick, and neither man comes across without blemish. Simultaneously self-indulgent, frustrating, and fascinating in its attempt to probe Kubrick's closely guarded psyche (a mission Raphael ultimately fails to accomplish), the book finally reveals--in fragments of sensitive insight--that Kubrick's reputation as a reclusive genius did in fact hide a very complex, intensely intelligent, and surprisingly human being. In one passage Raphael observes that "Stanley was so determined to be aloof and unfeeling that my heart went out to him. Somewhere along the line he was still the kid in the playground who had been no one's first choice to play with." Whether such observations are an accurate representation of Kubrick's personality is beside the point; that Raphael made the observation speaks volumes of both men, and this book is filled with similar revelations.

In addition to offering a privileged look at Kubrick's collaborative process, the book also reveals elusive details about Kubrick the man--pet lover, intellectual challenger, gracious host--and the result is a warmer image of him than that afforded by decades of distant speculation by journalists too willing to perpetuate the "myth" of Kubrick as omnipotent genius. If Raphael's book invites criticism and charges of blatant opportunism (with Kubrick unable to defend himself), it also provides a rare and often fascinating look at an artist who constantly eluded the gaze of outsiders. Raphael takes us inside Kubrick's gated domain, and we're grateful for the visit. If the truth resides somewhere between the protest of Kubrick's family and the insights presented here, we can at least use this book as a guide through previously uncharted territory. --Jeff Shannon

Book Description

We've all heard the rumors.

He was a hermit. He refused to fly and wouldn't be driven at more than thirty miles an hour. He avoided having his picture taken and was terrified of being assassinated. As a filmmaker, he was obsessed with perfection. He insisted on total control of every facet of the process. Simple scenes required one hundred takes. No wonder he made only six movies in the past thirty-five years.

But what was he really like?

For more than two years, Frederic Raphael collaborated closely with Stanley Kubrick on the screenplay of what was to be the director's final movie, Eyes Wide Shut. Over time, as his professional caution was replaced by a certain affection, Kubrick lowered his guard for Raphael as he never had with journalists or biographers, to reveal much about his early life in the cinema and of the reverses and humiliations he had to endure. They spoke for hours about a variety of subjects, from Julius Caesar to the Holocaust, from Kubrick's views about other directors to reminiscences of the many stars with whom both men had worked (or nearly worked)--Kirk Douglas, Audrey Hepburn, James Mason, Peter Sellers, Marisa Berenson, Sterling Hayden, Marlon Brando, and Gregory Peck.

Here, with his own distinctly cinematic style, Raphael chronicles their often fiery exchanges, capturing Kubrick's voice as no one else could. Disdaining false veneration, he opens our eyes to the mind and art of a truly complex and hitherto elusive twentieth-century genius.

Customer Reviews:

The sad face of envy and the sick power of projection........2007-02-15

While it purports to be a memoir of Stanley Kubrick, this book is most effective in revealing the degree to which a person can grow older without ever growing up. Raphael's neuroses are myriad and are made all the more pathetic by his own willful projection of them onto Mr. Kubrick. Having seen Eyes Wide Shut again, now years after the hype has died away, I have come to believe that Raphael was picked to write the script because of his own old-boy dumbass ideas of the way things are and always shall be. If the film is about that peculiarly American aversion to and obsession with sex, that senseless jealousy that can ruin lives, then Raphael was absolutely the right person to write the script. He judges Kubrick harshly for not appreciating every little passive-aggressive gift he offers all the while referring to prostitutes as "whores" and whinging about the amount of work that's required of him. Raphael hopes that Kubrick will just open his eyes and recognize what a genius he is. He feels continually misunderstood, ironically because it seems to me that Kubrick understood him perfectly. The book remains interesting mostly as a chronicle of someone who just doesn't get the great joke being played on him. It would be sad for the same reason of Kubrick were still alive, but in that case it wouldn't have been published. Raphael is a ghoul who offered up his story because he knew it would be rushed into print because its subject was dead and no more "memoirs" would be forthcoming. Bah.

Gratifying to read the negativity of most of these reviews........2005-12-14

I just happened to wander onto this site for Raphael's book. It is very gratifying to learn that the majority of your reviewers concur with the Kubrick family's response to this pretentious tome. Raphael never misses an opportunity to claim his intellectual superiority to Kubrick, in a way that he would not have dared had Kubrick lived to see his last film released. He is a grave - robber in short and roundly despised for his action in writing and publishing this book which greatly shocked and dissapointed Kubrick's family. Happily there have been many better books written about Kubrick in the intervening years. Except as a revealing but turgid study of an artist's ego, [ guess who I am talking about] this book has nothing that is interesting to say, nothing that is true at least. Jonathan Finney [family member, so not utterly disinterersted]

A rare but shameless look into the great director.......2003-10-09

Despite that Frederic Raphael wrote this to cash in on the opening of Eyes Wide Shut, Kubrick's final (and some believe unfinished) film, it's still a guilty pleasure since it affords a point of view absent from the legion of Kubrick books that appeared before and after the director's death.

Maybe it's a sign of respect for the working relationship that some of Kubrick's other collaborators had that they never went ahead and told all, but in the end this book will attract the Kubrick fan who isn't always willing to accept the man as omnipotent myth maker. Eyes Wide Open does become as much about Raphael as Kubrick (if not more) but it still works to paint Kubrick as human, something that reams of analysis, criticism and speculation consistently fail to highlight.

Rather than fawning on Kubrick over the slim length of the book, Raphael continually reminds all that HE himself is an intellectual, blah blah blah, and the tone becomes hard to bear. It's not particularly cohesive or earth shattering, and the conversations that appear in transcript-like form work to put words in the director's mouth. However, it's still valuable in that it offers a rare glimpse into working with the elusive Kubrick. I would take this with a grain of salt, and Kubrick's family did not appreciate this effort in the least, denouncing it on their website.

It may still be of interest to people who want an inside view (albeit skewed) that the many tomes dedicated to breaking down Kubrick's small but mighty canon of films don't bring to the table.

But be warned: with Kubrick gone, it's Raphael who tries to get in the last word...

Is Frederic Raphael always this high and mighty?.......2003-08-08

Eyes Wide Open was a suprisingly quick read. There is not much to speak of in these memoirs since Frederic Raphael mostly talked on the phone with Stanley Kubrick and communicated with faxes. I would have expected perhaps some stories from the set of Eyes Wide Shut, but I was very, very wrong.

The book is mostly about how Raphael had to put up with odd requests and deadlines from Kubrick whilst writing the screenplay for Eyes Wide Shut. The most eventful part of the book is when he meets the famed director for the first time at his secluded England home. Aside from that, Raphael talks about all of the faxing they did back and forth.

But the thing that bugs me the most is Raphael's tone. He never wants the reader to forget that he is the intellectual giant in this creative duo and that we can all go and read his other stuff if we ever doubted such a thing.

For instance, I recall a passage in which the topic of Full Metal Jacket, Kubrick's 1987 picture about Vietnam, came up in a phone conversation between the two men. 'You've seen the movie, right Freddie?' Kubrick would ask him. 'Yes', Raphael replied. He also managed to inject a comment to Kubrick that because the movie unfolded in an unlinear fashion, that Aristotle would have hated watching it.

Who cares what Aristotle would have thought of Full Metal Jacket?

Well worth reading. Critics did too!.......2003-06-08

Frederic Raphael's "memoir [emphasis here]" of the final years of Stanley Kubrick's life while making `Eyes Wide Shut' either flies bluntly as a work of half-lies or is the single most important book ever written on Stanley Kubrick. If you have read anything about Kubrick then you have probably learned that he lived the life of a film-making hermit in one of England's largest estates where he barricading himself off from the rest of the world. Apparently, Stanley liked to use the phone a lot when talking to people and remained much to himself and family except for when it came to shoot, and that is another story entirely and what seems to be another different person described in many other limited biographies of the man himself.

If you trust Frederic Raphael then you can be rest assured that this book will reveal more to you about the mind of Kubrick than any other piece of literature that you can find on the topic. I have read endless books on this highly overrated director and each one of them does a good biography job but leaves the reader none the less wiser as to Kubrick's motivations and intentions. The director rarely, if ever, did interviews that lasted over a minute. He once worked for the press as a photographer but since then closed himself off entirely to that side of the universe. As one of the world's most celebrated film makers he certainly is an oddity... but that is something he seems to semi-enjoy.

Frederic's coverage is not as illusive as some may have you think. It does have its many moments and there are many indicators as to what makes Kubrick tick. Kubrick appears to be one of the most avid researchers you can find with a lot of time and patients on his hands. A man who likes to think about how other people think. A man who appears to like to study other people and their motives. There is something about his interest in the writer, Raphael, who while penning Eyes Wide Shut seemed to notice that Stanley had more of an interest in him than the material itself and this is why the book sheds more light on Kubrick than anything else you will probably find out there.

Raphael's conversations with Kubrick are done in film screenplay style and this will bolster approval from most readers of film making material for its inventiveness. There is much more to this book than first meets the eye and it certainly does merit a second reading. However Raphael sometimes interjects little moments of tabloid technique which only seem to reduce the overall integrity of the book. One example is where Raphael so easily states that he should be present on set when Kidman gets her kit off. It comes out of nowhere and seems a little dab exploitive of the director given the fact that he seems to resent talking about other people's private matters or his own life. Maybe he said it for a laugh but then again it is hard to imagine that this guy would giggle at such a thing while at the same time demanding straight-faced for material on Roman orgies.

Another thing which makes this book worthwhile is that most writers and crew members who worked on Eyes Wide Shut had to sign a contract which included a section on non-disclosure. This was omitted from Raphael's contract so he was set loose to scribe as he pleased while Warner Brother execs probably tore their hair out and fired a whole staff of legal employees for their mistake. Read it while you can. Stuff like this is a rare opportunity indeed!

By the way, Raphael never did get to go on set and this is not a biography about Kubrick. Raphael has been knuckle-wrapped for exploiting the man, in a manner which seems to make him out to know more than Kubrick. There is some truth to that. There is also truth in the matter that he released this just after Kubrick's death to make a buck. However there is something in this book which makes it more truthful than most would care to admit. There is plenty of material here which you can cross-reference with Arthur C. Clarke's revelations about his collaboration with the man on 2001 and much of Kubrick's methodology seems to fit there as it does here. And for die hard Kubrick fans who think that the director was such a lovely person who didn`t deserve this - one need only to refer to the way he treated people on set, not to mention his highly overrated rape of Steven King's The Shining, while at the same time pulling the mickey out of American`s with Dr. Strangelove. If the man could give a little then surely he could also take a little!

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Not Very Eye Opening

Kubrick's Final Masterpiece disected (well)

"A Not-Unhappy Ending"

A Nice Start, But Ultimately Inadequate

Brilliant, insightful book!

Eyes Wide Shut
Michel Chion
Manufacturer: British Film Institute
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 085170932X

Book Description

Stanley Kubrick died on March 7, 1999 at his Hertfordshire home, having finished the editing of his last film. Eyes Wide Shut was released later that year. Adapted from Arthur Schnitzler's 1926 Viennese novel Dream Story, relocated and updated to contemporary Manhattan, Eyes Wide Shut stars Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman as a prosperous couple whose marriage is tested in the aftermath of a series of sinister events. The film baffled many of its first audiences. It had all the lavish attention to detail of a Kubrick film but it seemed slow, enigmatic, too much of a dream.
Michel Chion's extraordinary study of Eyes Wide Shut makes the case that it is one of Kubrick's masterpieces and a fitting testament. To appreciate this, though, it is necessary to look at what happens on the screen without bringing preconceptions to bear on it. Looked at this way, Eyes Wide Shut reveals itself to be a deeply moving film about characters who are not so different from real people, a film about life in which questions of meaning and motive lose their value.

Customer Reviews:

Not Very Eye Opening.......2007-09-24

EYES WIDE SHUT is a beautiful film filled, like most of Stanley Kubrick's movies, with a great deal of ambiguity open for rich interpretation. Michael Chion, the author of this BFI monograph, for the most part fails to deliver.

It is not so much that Chion, like the authors of other BFI movie analyses, devolves into unintelligible post-modernist babble. For the most part, Chion's writing is accessible to the average reader who may be unfamiliar with all the ins and outs of film school analysis. The problem is that Chion's analysis just seems rather empty. I may have gained a point or two out of this book, but not as much as I would have liked and not as much as others in the BFI series have provided.

A large part of the problem is the structure of the book. Chion breaks the book into 34 little subsections (in a book with only 88 pages of text and with a lot of pictures), each one providing a bite sized take on some aspect or another of the film. Yet these are not substantial enough to be satisfying and they are only loosely tied together. The lack of a central organizing structure takes its toll with the result being a book that is not as good as it should have been.

Kubrick's Final Masterpiece disected (well).......2007-07-14

You really need to be a big fan of Stanley Kubrick to appreciate Eyes Wide Shut (the movie or the book). It covers the movie in extraordinary detail pointing out things I hadn't seen or thought of in the many viewings I've made of Kubrick's finale. It refers frequently to the novella it's based on, Traumnovelle, and draws a lot of comparisons to the fin-de-siecle original and the end-of-the-20th century contemporary setting of the movie. Loved this book. Buy it.

"A Not-Unhappy Ending".......2004-04-06

Stanley Kubrick was quoted in several books as saying, "I would never argue with (any) interpretation of (my) films."
Smart move. What's been interesting about the criticism of Kubrick's films over the years is the sheer volume and diversity of the interpretations. I remember reading a long Film Comment review of THE SHINING in 1980 that delved into the film's symbolism about America's troubled history of Native Americans and the breakdown of the traditional family.
I thought it was supposed to be horror movie.

For the most part, I enjoyed this BFI book about EYES WIDE SHUT but I thought the volumes about THE EXORCIST and LAST TANGO IN PARIS were more interesting since they were less abstract about their subjects. This particular take on EYES lost me when it tried to say that the film was from the point of view of the son of Tom and Nicole who hadn't been born yet. Huh?
But it's a Kubrick film.
And who can argue with any interpretation?

A Nice Start, But Ultimately Inadequate.......2003-08-21

When Chion remembers to write about the actual film Eyes Wide Shut, he can be most interesting. His notes on the repetitious dialogue in this film, and in much of Kubrick's work, are very interesting, even if they don't go very far.

Unfortunately, entirely too much of M. Chion's writing is vague and unmoored, unorganized. In the beginning of the essay, Chion makes what must be one of the most ridiculous assertions in the history of film criticism: that Eyes Wide Shut is narrated by Bill and Alice's unborn (and unconceived) son. This little bombshell is dropped into the reader's lap and not explained for several pages, and M. Chion's evidence to support this outlandish claim is, to say the least, unconvincing.

If you want to read an interesting and thought-provoking essay on Eyes Wide Shut, seek out Thomas Allen Nelson's excellent book on Kubrick, entitled Kubrick: Inside A Film Artist's Maze. It is clearly and concisely written, and Nelson never makes an outlandish critical interpretation without rock-solid evidence to back it up. M. Chion would do well to follow Nelson's example.

Brilliant, insightful book!.......2003-05-15

Stanley Kubrick must have been habituated to negative reviews, given the controversy that many of his films inspired. Still, there was something poignant about seeing Eyes Wide Shut scathed by the critics when Kubrick himself had just passed away. It is a great film, a masterpiece, and yet it seemed so vulnerable there without the director himself able to lend his considerable energy to its defense. Apparently everyone was expecting a Tom and Nicole lovefest and thus could not see the film for what it was -- a kind of fin-de-siecle film about love, albeit seen in a glass darkly.

Fortunately, defenders of the film are finally emerging from the woods, and at their forefront is Michel Chion. His book -- which is insightful, elegantly written, and unpretentious (a notable quality in film books) -- makes a very strong case for considering Eyes Wide Shut as the work of genius that it no doubt is. He writes with extreme sensitivity to the film's meticulous construction, luminescent cinematography, sinuous psychology, and stylized dialogue. Attentive to the smallest of details, Chion demonstrates how a simple transition shot -- Tom Cruise entering an apartment and knocking on a bedroom door (a scene that Kubrick apparently filmed dozens of times) -- plays an important part in the semantics of the entire film. And those who think of Kubrick as a cinematic purist will be surprised by Chion's convincing analysis of the film's deliberate use of language -- passwords, repetitions, even spelling, as when an incidental character spells her name aloud with such insinuation that no come-on ever sounded so alluring.

Customer Reviews:

Soomewhat interesting read for those who liked the movie.......2002-01-04

I found it particularly interesting that Kubrick's very adult final movie was based on a short story written back in 1926. Kubrick fans know his movies are full of interesting camera angles and great characters, but underlying all his movies are a combination of temptation and agony. He was a master of titillating the senses and arousing curiousity but not quite giving you what you wanted to see. I was a little surprised, then, when his final movie seemed to leave little to the imagination.

I was surprised by the other reviews on this site that claimed the original story was overly risque. While the story was similar in concept, I found it rather tame compared to the movie. One reviewer said the main character had an infatuation with underage minors. Were we reading the same story here?

I enjoyed the movie but critics complain the movie was too focused on overt sexuality and shock value. Perhaps that's true. It's unlike his previous works which left more to interpretation of the viewer. I do agree that Kubrick attempted to solve the mysteries that were left unanswered in the story. I believe the movie would've received higher acclaim if he remained focused on the tension regarding the affairs of the heart.

One final note, as another reviewer noted, the screenplay differs from the final work. As he/she correctly pointed out, many of Kubrick's works were written "on the fly" as additional ideas and modifications to the original script were incorporated during production.

Surely a collector's item........2001-12-01

An excellent story combined with an equally excellent screenplay. Arthur Schnitzler must have been one of the finer writers of his time and the late Stanley Kubrick immortalizes the latter's genius through his screen adaptation. Although some says the movie version was overrated, I still believe that the production gave justice to what the story wants to tell -- the inner struggle of a husband and wife and their quest to test their fidelity to each other.

TOO WEIRD.......2000-08-02

The interesting thing about reading the screenplay and the story it was based on was seeing how Kubrick took the story and translated it into modern times and a different locale.

The story itself, in both its screenplay and original short-novel form, isn't that good. It's too weird, and too shallow, and the conclusion doesn't make any sense.

Perhaps it was Kubrick's legendary film-making that overcame those flaws. Having not seen the movie, I don't know. Readers, in my opinion, would be just as well to give this book a pass.

Good Script, Terrible Book.......2000-02-10

While the screenplay by Stanley Kubrick and Frederic Raphael seems to take us from Point A to Point B, it's very interesting and is a good, read. As it was Kubrick's final film, it was a good move of Warner Brothers to publish the script of it.

The source novel of the film, "Dream Story" by Arthur Schnizler, has a lengthy, tedious and confusing narrative. It's almost unreadable and it's amazing how Kubrick enhanced the story and made it into one of the best films of the 20th Century.

See the movie and purchase this book. It's well worth it if you're a fan of excellent, quality films and the good screenwriting that makes it.

Short, mysterious & unusual.......2000-01-03

I find the story satisfactory though am not highly impressed. I appreciate however the briefness & conciseness of the plot; & the screenplay which complements the Dream Story since it explains (or attempts to shed light) some vague & hanging scenes from the original novel.For all it is worth, I say it is interesting enough to let time pass, especially if you have a wild imagination & you come across the masquerade party.

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EYES WIDE SHUT
STANLEY KUBRICK
Manufacturer: PENGUIN BOOKS
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000RY3Y2K

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EYES WIDE SHUT
SCHNITZLER
Manufacturer: PENGUIN BOOKS
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000RY72X2

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Eyes Wide Shut ou l'étrange labyrinthe
Diane Morel
Manufacturer: Presses Universitaires de France - PUF
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 2130527795

El tostón de Kubrick.(Eyes wide shut, película; reseña)(TT: Kubrick's failure.)(TA: Eyes Wide Shut, film; review)(Reseña) : An article from: Epoca

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El tostón de Kubrick.(Eyes wide shut, película; reseña)(TT: Kubrick's failure.)(TA: Eyes Wide Shut, film; review)(Reseña) : An article from: Epoca
Federico Jiménez Losantos
Manufacturer: Difusora de Informacion Periodica, S.A. (DINPESA)
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital
ASIN: B0009980FE
Release Date: 2005-07-28

Book Description

This digital document is an article from Epoca, published by Difusora de Informacion Periodica, S.A. (DINPESA) on October 18, 1999. The length of the article is 986 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: El tostón de Kubrick.(Eyes wide shut, película; reseña)(TT: Kubrick's failure.)(TA: Eyes Wide Shut, film; review)(Reseña)
Author: Federico Jiménez Losantos
Publication: Epoca (Magazine/Journal)
Date: October 18, 1999
Publisher: Difusora de Informacion Periodica, S.A. (DINPESA)
Page: 47

Article Type: Reseña

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Eyes Wide Shut in Lisbon.(Brief Article): An article from: Chief Executive (U.S.)

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Eyes Wide Shut in Lisbon.(Brief Article): An article from: Chief Executive (U.S.)
Stephan Goetz-Richter
Manufacturer: Chief Executive Publishing
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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Book Description

This digital document is an article from Chief Executive (U.S.), published by Chief Executive Publishing on June 1, 2000. The length of the article is 806 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Eyes Wide Shut in Lisbon.(Brief Article)
Author: Stephan Goetz-Richter
Publication: Chief Executive (U.S.) (Magazine/Journal)
Date: June 1, 2000
Publisher: Chief Executive Publishing
Page: 16

Article Type: Brief Article

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EYES WIDE SHUT IN THE CHILD-CARE DEBATE.(Child Health and Human Development): An article from: Arena Magazine

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EYES WIDE SHUT IN THE CHILD-CARE DEBATE.(Child Health and Human Development): An article from: Arena Magazine
Julie Stephens
Manufacturer: Arena Printing and Publications Pty. Ltd.
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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Book Description

This digital document is an article from Arena Magazine, published by Arena Printing and Publications Pty. Ltd. on June 1, 2001. The length of the article is 1305 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: EYES WIDE SHUT IN THE CHILD-CARE DEBATE.(Child Health and Human Development)
Author: Julie Stephens
Publication: Arena Magazine (Refereed)
Date: June 1, 2001
Publisher: Arena Printing and Publications Pty. Ltd.
Page: 7

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EYES WIDE SHUT.(Christian Coalition and federal election laws): An article from: Church & State

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EYES WIDE SHUT.(Christian Coalition and federal election laws): An article from: Church & State
Rob Boston
Manufacturer: Americans United for Separation of Church and State
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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Book Description

This digital document is an article from Church & State, published by Americans United for Separation of Church and State on September 1, 1999. The length of the article is 2839 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the supplier: The article discusses a Aug 2, 1999, decision by US District Judge Joyce Hens Green regarding the Christian Coalition's activity in political campaigns. Green ruled that although the Christian Coalition worked closely with Republican campaigns in the early 1990s and produced partisan voter guidelines, it did not expressly endorse any candidate and did not violate federal election laws.

Citation Details
Title: EYES WIDE SHUT.(Christian Coalition and federal election laws)
Author: Rob Boston
Publication: Church & State (Refereed)
Date: September 1, 1999
Publisher: Americans United for Separation of Church and State
Volume: 52 Issue: 8 Page: 4

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