Molecular Basis of Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience
Average customer rating: 5 out of 5 stars
  • Great!
  • Highly recommended
  • This is your brain on drugs, endogenous or otherwise.
  • Highly Recommended!
Molecular Basis of Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience
Eric J. Nestler , Steven E. Hyman , and Robert C. Malenka
Manufacturer: McGraw-Hill Medical
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Binding: Paperback

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  1. The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology
  2. Neurobiology of Mental Illness Neurobiology of Mental Illness
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  4. From Neuron to Brain: A Cellular and Molecular Approach to the Function of the Nervous System, Fourth Edition From Neuron to Brain: A Cellular and Molecular Approach to the Function of the Nervous System, Fourth Edition
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ASIN: 0838563791

Book Description


* The most up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of the relationship of brain function and neuroactive chemicals
* Authors are world-known leaders in the field
* Molecular Neuropharmacology is the hot topic in medicine

Customer Reviews:

5 out of 5 stars Great!.......2007-09-23

This book is very well written and interesting, discussing neuropharmocology from molecular, cellular, and biochemical bases as well as physiologically and socially.

5 out of 5 stars Highly recommended.......2006-08-16

Great review of neuroscience from the pharmacological viewpoint. Thorough, systematic explanations of neurotransmitter systems up to higher brain functions. Highlights drugs that affect each system in the text. Begins with basic review of pharmacology and neuroscience for those who don't have solid footing there. Language is clear and easy to read, contains main points on first page of each chapter and selected reading at the end.

5 out of 5 stars This is your brain on drugs, endogenous or otherwise........2004-06-22

Anyone who wants an understanding of how the brain works at the molecular level should read this excellent, succinct text. I recommend it to anesthesiologists in particular since we parctice in brain-neuropharmacology daily.

5 out of 5 stars Highly Recommended!.......2002-05-02

This book is well organized, well written, and very informative. If you're interested in neuropharmacology, you should definitely get this book.
Foundations of Systems Biology
Average customer rating: 3 out of 5 stars
  • Very good book.
  • suckage
  • skim it in the library, if that....
  • A very good begining
Foundations of Systems Biology

Manufacturer: The MIT Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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  1. Systems Biology in Practice: Concepts, Implementation and Application Systems Biology in Practice: Concepts, Implementation and Application
  2. An Introduction to Systems Biology: Design Principles of Biological Circuits (Chapman & Hall/Crc Mathematical and Computational Biology Series) An Introduction to Systems Biology: Design Principles of Biological Circuits (Chapman & Hall/Crc Mathematical and Computational Biology Series)
  3. Computational Systems Biology Computational Systems Biology
  4. Stochastic Modelling for Systems Biology (Mathematical and Computational Biology) Stochastic Modelling for Systems Biology (Mathematical and Computational Biology)
  5. Systems Biology: Properties of Reconstructed Networks Systems Biology: Properties of Reconstructed Networks

ASIN: 0262112663

Book Description

The emerging field of systems biology involves the application of experimental, theoretical, and modeling techniques to the study of biological organisms at all levels, from the molecular, through the cellular, to the behavioral. Its aim is to understand biological processes as whole systems instead of as isolated parts. Developments in the field have been made possible by advances in molecular biology--in particular, new technologies for determining DNA sequence, gene expression profiles, protein-protein interactions, and so on. Foundations of Systems Biology provides an overview of the state of the art of the field. The book covers the central topics of systems biology: comprehensive and automated measurements, reverse engineering of genes and metabolic networks from experimental data, software issues, modeling and simulation, and system-level analysis.

Customer Reviews:

5 out of 5 stars Very good book........2003-10-16

Great for people who are interested in this new area.

2 out of 5 stars suckage.......2003-07-02

I was very disappointed with what I found in this book. There is a broad range of topics, but the material presented for each topic is extremely thin. In fact, it would appear that each topic is covered by a single chapter modeled after a very short scientific paper. There is very little review of current cutting edge methods. For example, of particular interest to this reviewer was the chapter on large-scale gene expression arrays. What this reviewer found for 1/3 of the chapter on gene arrays was a paper detailing the "DBRF" method in inferring gene array data. At the end of the chapter was a conclusion, "Thus it is shown here that the DBRF method is superior the _predictor_ method." What should have been a chapter on 'foundations', as the title implies, seems to have become a chapter for pushing the agenda of a particular author's field of research.

It may very well be that the 'DBRF' method is superior to the 'predictor' method. That we'll leave up to the reader. But the inclusion of such material would seem to undermine the goals stated in the editorial preface, "Toward System-level Understand of Biological Ssytems." A foundations book, instead of focusing on research of particular groups, should attempt to summarize, dissect, review, compare, and criticize the field.

A more appropriate title for this book would be 'A random collection of speculative essays.' There may still be gems in this book for certain readers, but those wishing to learn about general systems biology should turn elsewhere.

1 out of 5 stars skim it in the library, if that...........2002-08-28

The sizzle of bioinformatics is fadding, so you're looking to become a player in biology's new buzz: systems biology? Well, don't start your search with this book. The title is misleading: "Foundations of Systems Biology". I was expecting a broad overview of the field with maybe a few key examples and typical approaches of experimental design (both wet-lab and computational). However, this book is nothing more than a thrown together collection of papers that would have a better home torn out of the book and placed in journals. A better (and cheaper) starting place for getting an overview of systems biology would be the SCIENCE issue on systems biology (vol 295 2002) [it even has a nice review by Kitano the editor of this book]. For people looking for current gene network modeling techniques, you might start with "Mathematical modeling of gene networks." Smolen, et.al. Neuron 2000. But save your money and time by not buying this book.

5 out of 5 stars A very good begining.......2002-01-07

In my knowledge, this is the first organized effort to present a synoptic view of systems biology. The best part is that all the contributors are themselves active scientists in the field and obviously therefore information presented is very reliable. I would strongly recommend this book for beginners, though I am sure professionals will find it equally interesting.
The Biology of Moral Systems (Foundations of Human Behavior)
Average customer rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
  • A great book with an outdated model of human behavior
  • Profound work of theoretical biology
The Biology of Moral Systems (Foundations of Human Behavior)
Richard Alexander
Manufacturer: Aldine Transaction
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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  1. Evolutionary Origins of Morality : Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives Evolutionary Origins of Morality : Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives
  2. The Evolution of Morality (Life and Mind: Philosophical Issues in Biology and Psychology) The Evolution of Morality (Life and Mind: Philosophical Issues in Biology and Psychology)
  3. Hierarchy in the Forest: The Evolution of Egalitarian Behavior Hierarchy in the Forest: The Evolution of Egalitarian Behavior
  4. Moral Minds: How Nature Designed Our Universal Sense of Right and Wrong Moral Minds: How Nature Designed Our Universal Sense of Right and Wrong
  5. The Origins of Virtue: Human Instincts and the Evolution of Cooperation The Origins of Virtue: Human Instincts and the Evolution of Cooperation

ASIN: 0202011747

Book Description

Despite wide acceptance that the attributes of living creatures have appeared through a cumulative evolutionary process guided chiefly by natural selection, many human activities have seemed analytically inaccessible from such an approach. Morality, for example, has been described by prominent evolutionary biologists as contrary to the direction of biological evolution, and moral philosophers rarely regard evolution as relevant to their discussions.

This book adopts the argument that moral questions arise out of conflicts of interest, and that moral systems are ways of using confluences of interest at lower levels of social organization to deal with conflicts of interest at higher levels. Moral systems are described as systems of indirect reciprocity: humans gain and lose socially (and reproductively) not only by direct transactions, but also by the reputations they gain from the everyday flow of social interactions.

The author develops a general theory of human interests, using senescence and effort theory from biology to help analyze the patterning of human lifetimes. He argues that the ultimate interests of humans are reproductive, and that the concept of morality has arisen within groups because of its contribution to unity, in the context, ultimately, of success in intergroup competition. He contends that morality is not easily relatable to universals, and he carries this argument into a discussion of what he calls the greatest of all moral problems, the nuclear arms race.

CONTENTS Preface. Acknowledgments. 1. Biology and the Background of Moral Systems. The Evolutionary Approach. Human Interests and Their Conflicts: What Lifetimes are About. Reproduction and Senescence: Why Lifetimes are Finite. Reproduction and Cooperation: Special Cases. 2. A Biological View of Morality. Conflicts and Confluences of Interest: A Theory of Moral Systems. Morality and the Human Psyche. Life History Theory and the Ontogeny of Moral Behavior. General Conclusions. 3. Morality as Seen by Philosophers and Biologists. The Moral Philosophers. The Biologist-Philosophers. The Philosophers of Biology. Morality and Law. Morality and Democracy. The Goal of Universal Beneficence. Summary . Conclusions. 4. Applying the Biological View of Morality. Morality and Openness in the Pursuit of Truth: Science, Law, and God as the Models. Modelling Value Systems and Maintaining Indirect Reciprocity . Arms Races, Human and Otherwise. 5. Conclusions. References. Index

Customer Reviews:

4 out of 5 stars A great book with an outdated model of human behavior.......2000-11-02

Where does morality come from? The traditional answer are from God, as revealed by theologians, or from Reason or Intuition, as revealed by philosophers. In fact, as Richard Alexander makes clear in this landmark book, morality comes from our evolution as a species. Individuals who developed ethical awareness and practiced moral behavior in the course of our emergence from the hoard of pre-human hominids had an evolutionary edge over those who did not. It follows that to understand morality, one must undertake a scientific and evolutionary approach. Ethics is thus something like linguistics, in that both are extremely complex human ideational forms that must be modeled, and the success of ethical theories is their capacity to explain how humans express and make moral choices.

The scientific approach to morality espoused by Alexander is a deeply refreshing alternative to the endless pious platitudes of the theologians, who believe they have a special line to the Almighty's will, and the supercilious meanderings of the philosophers who think their personal moral predilections are something more than mere personal prejudice. We owe to this book the reorientation of ethical theory from the prejudices of the privileged to the realm of the scientific. As such, Alexander's book is must reading for a student of ethics.

However, contemporary evidence shows that his major thesis is flawed. Here are some key quotes and my critique of the assertions made in the quotes.

Quote from p. 3: "ethics, morality, human conduct, and the human psyche are to be understood only if societies are seen as collections of individuals seeking their own self-interest..."

Critique: This is of course the model of human action in standard economic theory, and I have spent my whole life dealing with its inadequacies and proposing alternative models more in line with the empirical evidence on human behavior. Alexander's description of human behavior ignores such prosocial other-regarding behaviors as altruistic cooperation, altruistic punishment, and the tendency to conform to social norms independent from the possibility of being detected and punished for such behavior. We now have lots of behavioral evidence in favor of the existence of strong reciprocity (a propensity to cooperate in social dilemmas and to punish free riders without regard to personal material payoffs), as well as its ability to foster sustainable cooperation when self-interest would lead to social breakdown. See, for instance Herbert Gintis, "Strong Reciprocity and Human Sociality", Journal of Theoretical Biology 206 (2000):169-179 and Ernst Fehr and Simon Gaechter, "Cooperation and Punishment", American Economic Review 90,4 (2000). See also my web site.

I also believe that empathy and shame are counterexamples to Alexander's model. Indeed, sociopaths who have neither empathy nor shame can be considered as "self-interested" in Alexander's sense in that they refrain from harming other human beings only if they calculate that the personal costs (e.g., of being caught) exceed the benefits flowing from harming others.

Quote from p. 34: "That people are in general following what they perceive to be their own interests is, I believe, the most general principle of human behavior."

If this is not tautologous (whatever people want to do is in their interest by definition), then it is false, for the same reason as in my critique of the previous quote, since people who punish violators of group norms often "perceive" their actions to be for the benefit of the group, and understand quite well that it is not in their own self-interest.

But there are other problems with Alexander's statement. (a) If I am addicted to smoking I might perceive that I am not acting in my own self interest when I smoke, and do it anyway. (b) I may "perceive" it in my own interest to help the poor, or contribute to environmental groups, or perform other prosocial acts when in fact it is not. If humans systematically misperceive their self-interest, as in this case, and if the misperception is very likely in a prosocial direction, then violations of self-interest might be central to human social cooperation, even were Alexander's statement correct (which it is not). In fact, I do not believe that humans systematically misperceive their self-interest. Rather, they choose often to act altruistically against their self-interest because they have other-regarding preferences.

Quote from p. 77: "Moral systems are systems of indirect reciprocity."

This is the first statement of Chapter 2, "A Biological View of Morality." It is not an aside, but Alexander's fundamental explanation of moral systems. By "indirect reciprocity" he means almost exactly what Robert Trivers calls "reciprocal altruism," but which in fact is just enlightened long-term self interest. It is fundamentally wrong. The evidence is that virtually all moral systems exhort forms of altruism that do not reduce to self interest, even in the long run, and large numbers of people subscribe to and to some extent follow these non-self-interested principles.

I should note that even criminals and psychopaths often exhibit non-self-regarding behavior, as when, for instance, a man takes revenge on his "enemies" and then kills himself.

Of course, a lot of human behavior is self-interested, and some non-self-interested behavior is just random noise in the behavioral system. But the types of systematic prosocial behavior promoted by strong reciprocity, shame, empathy, and identification with "insiders" is, unless I am mistaken, the key to the particular strength of human cooperation.


5 out of 5 stars Profound work of theoretical biology.......1999-08-13

Richard Alexander's pioneering work of theoretical biology was one of the first attempts (in the current cycle of sociobiological interest) to apply Darwinian thinking to human morality. The book is profoundly disturbing. Like any work of theory, many of the specifics of Alexander's analysis will be revised but the main argument that morality can only be understood within the Darwinian framework is important. Subsequently many authors have pusued the same line of thought but Alexander's treatment is one of the most interesting. The discusison of deception is particularly provocative.
Foundations of Complex-system Theories: In Economics, Evolutionary Biology, and Statistical Physics
Average customer rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
  • 4.5 Stars-The whole is not the sum of the parts;Excellent and scholarly
  • a fascinating book -- recommended to philosophers
  • A Professional work
Foundations of Complex-system Theories: In Economics, Evolutionary Biology, and Statistical Physics
Sunny Y. Auyang , and Sunny A. Auyang
Manufacturer: Cambridge University Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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  5. Exploring Complexity: An Introduction Exploring Complexity: An Introduction

ASIN: 0521778263

Book Description

Complex behavior can occur in any system made up of large numbers of interacting constituents, be they atoms in a solid, cells in a living organism, or consumers in a national economy. Analysis of this behavior often involves making important assumptions and approximations, the exact nature of which vary from subject to subject. Foundations of Complex-system Theories begins with a description of the general features of complexity and then examines a range of important concepts, such as theories of composite systems, collective phenomena, emergent properties, and stochastic processes. Each topic is discussed with reference to the fields of statistical physics, evolutionary biology, and economics, thereby highlighting recurrent themes in the study of complex systems. This detailed yet nontechnical book will appeal to anyone who wants to know more about complex systems and their behavior. It will also be of great interest to specialists studying complexity in the physical, biological, and social sciences.

Customer Reviews:

4 out of 5 stars 4.5 Stars-The whole is not the sum of the parts;Excellent and scholarly.......2006-02-14

This is a very interesting book.The author demonstrates that she has command over a number of different fields.She exhibits a wide ranging scholarship in this book.In a nutshell,one can categorize the major conclusions she arrives at as the whole is not the sum of the parts alone.Neither a strictly micro or macro approach to the different fields she investigates,using a complex systems framework, yields the idealized types of scientific discovery and knowledge one finds postulated in some philosophy of science discourses that emphasize deductive closure laws.I have one slight criticism of the book,which is why I have subtracted one half a star.The author has a deep general understanding of the Keynes-Knight distinction between risk and uncertainty in economics(and in social sciences).However,she lacks an understanding of the specifics of Keynes's approach in the A Treatise on Probability(1921;TP).She is unaware of Keynes's interval estimate approach to probability,his index,w,used to measure the completeness of the evidence ,ranging from ignorance through partial knowledge to a complete information set,and Keynes's conventional coefficient of weight and risk,which treats risk, based on the purely deductive laws of probability, as a special case.This would be a very minor criticism if she had integrated the work of D.Ellsberg(Ellsberg's 2001 book,Risk,Ambiguity,and Decision gives a modern,improved and updated version of the TP) and B.Mandelbrot into her discussions involving economics,risk,and uncertainty(Ellsberg's Ambiguity with his rho and alpha indexes and the wild versus mild risk of the cauchy distribution versus normal distribution as discussed by Mandelbrot).Unfortunately,Ellsberg's contributions are not discussed at all while Mandelbrot receives a single footnote that completely ignores his contributions to economics.She can certainly obtain a 5-star rating by bringing out a revised edition in which the original,technical, pioneering work of Keynes is covered followed by the modern and updated contributions of Ellsberg and Mandelbrot.

5 out of 5 stars a fascinating book -- recommended to philosophers.......2002-10-26

Philosophers of science need to read this book: the hands-on
account of how three sciences work is a healthy
corrective to the usual practice of writing philosophy of science
without actually knowing how the science is done.

5 out of 5 stars A Professional work.......2000-03-30

This is an amazing work. Sunny Auyang has written an easily comprehenedible book on applications of complexity theories to economics, biology and physics. It is a professional writing to professionals in different fields.One needs college level maths and some physics to fully grasp it but she has made minimum use of mathematical symbols. Her writing flows, the examples are clear, some illuminate important issues in the applied fields, some are just homey bits that convey an idea insightfully. A lot of depth in her philosophical explorations of the complexity ideas. I consider this to be a must for any person studying or instructing in system thinking.
Systems Biology: Philosophical Foundations
Average customer rating: Not rated
    Systems Biology: Philosophical Foundations

    Manufacturer: Elsevier Science
    ProductGroup: Book
    Binding: Hardcover

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    3. Systems Biology: Properties of Reconstructed Networks Systems Biology: Properties of Reconstructed Networks

    ASIN: 0444520856

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    Systems biology is a vigorous and expanding discipline, in many ways a successor to genomics and perhaps unprecedented in its combination of biology with a great many other sciences, from physics to ecology, from mathematics to medicine, and from philosophy to chemistry. Studying the philosophical foundations of systems biology may resolve a longer standing issue, i.e., the extent to which Biology is entitled to its own scientific foundations rather than being dominated by existing philosophies.

    * Answers the question of what distinguishes the living from the non-living
    * An in-depth look to a vigorous and expanding discipline, from molecule to system
    * Explores the region between individual components and the system
    Foundations of Comparative Genomics
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      Foundations of Comparative Genomics
      Arcady R. Mushegian
      Manufacturer: Academic Press
      ProductGroup: Book
      Binding: Hardcover

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      1. The Origins of Genome Architecture The Origins of Genome Architecture

      ASIN: 0120887940

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      This book provides an overview of computational analysis of genes and genomes, and of some most notable findings that come out of this work. Foundations of Comparative Genomics presents a historical perspective, beginning with early analysis of individual gene sequences, to present day comparison of gene repertoires encoded by completely sequenced genomes. The author discusses the underlying scientific principles of comparative genomics, argues that completion of many genome sequences started a new era in biology, and provides a personal view on several state-of-the-art issues, such as systems biology and whole-genome phylogenetic reconstructions. This book is an essential reference for researchers and students in computational biology, evolutionary biology, and genetics.

      * Presents an historic overview of genome biology and its achievements

      * Includes topics not covered in other books such as minimal and ancestral genomes

      * Discusses the evolutionary resilience of protein-coding genes and frequent functional convergence at the molecular level

      * Critically reviews horizontal gene transfer and other contentious issues

      * Covers comparative virology as a somewhat overlooked foundation of modern genome science
      Foundations of Cardiac Arrhythmias (Fundamental and Clinical Cardiology)
      Average customer rating: Not rated
        Foundations of Cardiac Arrhythmias (Fundamental and Clinical Cardiology)

        Manufacturer: Informa Healthcare
        ProductGroup: Book
        Binding: Hardcover

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        ASIN: 0824702662

        Book Description

        This single-source reference/text is an authoritative, up-to-date, and multidisciplinary presentation of basic, applied, and clinical approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of cardiac arrhythmia and the prevention of sudden cardiac death-providing essential concepts for new approaches to pharmacologic and electrical therapies. Over 50 leading physicians, scientists, and engineers integrate their research knowledge into a solid foundation of fundamentals in innovative new ways to promote an understanding of cardiac arrhythmias on a multilevel basis that spans the full range of topics from genes to therapy prevention. From the regular rhythm of the heart to the irregular, chaotic states that characterize fibrillation and tachyarrhythmias, Foundations of Cardiac Arrhythmias · explores the ionic and molecular basis of electrogenesis and its control within different types of cardiac cells · clarifies the molecular and biochemical regulation of cell-to-cell conduction that will help facilitate development of the next generation of antiarrhythmic drugs · considers genetic determinants that influence the onset of sudden death in rare and acquired heart disease · explores recent insights into macroscopic, three-dimensional interactions implicated in the genesis of malignant ventricular tachycardias · surveys population studies that reveal new information about the relevance of higher frequency polymorphisms and variations in molecules involved in cardiac control · discusses the role of cardiac ablation and the use of pacemakers and defibrillators, including new concepts in device design · discusses promising new advances with noninvasive markers of arrhythmia risk that are helping to identify patients at risk for sudden death Containing nearly 2300 key literature citations and over 300 helpful drawings, photographs, equations, and tables, Foundations of Cardiac Arrhythmias serves as a thorough and inspiring reference for clinical and research cardiologists, clinical and basic electrophysiologists, pharmacologists, molecular and cell physiologists, biologists, biochemists, molecular geneticists, biomedical and electrical engineers, and biophysicists, as well as an important text for graduate students, residents, and fellows in these disciplines.

        Animal Behaviour (Foundations of Modern Biology)
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          Animal Behaviour (Foundations of Modern Biology)
          Vincent Gaston Dethier , and Eliot Stellar
          Manufacturer: Prentice Hall
          ProductGroup: Book
          Binding: Hardcover

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          ASIN: 0130374652
          Biology and the Foundations of Ethics (Cambridge Studies in Philosophy and Biology)
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            Biology and the Foundations of Ethics (Cambridge Studies in Philosophy and Biology)

            Manufacturer: Cambridge University Press
            ProductGroup: Book
            Binding: Hardcover

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            ASIN: 0521551005

            Book Description

            There has been much attention devoted in recent years to the question of whether our moral principles can be related to our biological nature. This collection of new essays focuses on the connection between biology and foundational questions in ethics. The book asks such questions as whether humans are innately selfish, and whether there are particular facets of human nature that bear directly on social practices. This is the first book to offer this historical perspective on the relation of biology and ethics, and has been written by some of the leading figures in the history and philosophy of science, whose work stands very much at the cutting edge of these disciplines.
            The Biology of Nicotine Dependence - Symposium No. 152
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              The Biology of Nicotine Dependence - Symposium No. 152
              CIBA Foundation Symposium
              Manufacturer: John Wiley & Sons
              ProductGroup: Book
              Binding: Hardcover

              SmokingSmoking | Recovery | Health, Mind & Body | Subjects | Books
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              GeneralGeneral | Neurology | Internal Medicine | Medicine | Medical | Professional & Technical | Subjects | Books
              GeneralGeneral | Pharmacology | Medical | Professional & Technical | Subjects | Books
              ASIN: 0471926884

              Book Description

              The Biology of Nicotine Dependence Chairman: L. L. Iversen 1990 Nicotine is a potent centrally acting drug that has profound physiological and psychological effects. It is considered to be the main agent in the maintenance of the tobacco smoking habit and is largely responsible for the behavioural and physiological responses to the inhalation of tobacco smoke. This book reviews the progress in identifying nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain. The techniques of molecular biology have been used to characterize these receptors and to investigate the functional differences between receptors composed of different types of subunit. Nicotine interacts with the endocrine system, particularly the corticosteroids. This may be the basis for sex-specific differences in the response to nicotine. Nicotine affects locomotor activity, but its influence on cognitive performance is still a matter of debate. The role of nicotine in maintaining the smoking habit is considered, especially the part that stimulation of dopamine release in brainstem pleasure centres may play. The development of tolerance to nicotine is clearly established, but the phenomenon of withdrawal is less well understood. Elucidation of the action of nicotine in the body is essential if treatments are to be developed to help people give up smoking; this book shows that advances in this area are being made, and contains contributions on potential therapeutic strategies. Related Ciba Foundation Symposia: No 123 Antidepressants and receptor function Chairman: D. Murphy 1986 ISBN 0 471 91089 9 No 132 Motor areas of the cerebral cortex Chairman: R. Porter 1987 ISBN 0 471 91098 8

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